Attachment: Ainsworth’s SS - Types Of Attachment

Question 1

What is the purpose of ‘the strange situation’ ?

Answer 1

To assess the strength / type of attachment

Question 2

‘The strange situation’ used what type of observational method?

Answer 2

Controlled observation

Question 3

What was Ainsworth’s sample when testing the ‘strange situation’ ?

Answer 3

100 middle-class American infants and their mothers (CG’s)

Question 4

What four behaviour categories were measured in Ainsworth’s ‘strange situation’ ?

Answer 4

Willingness to Explore
Separation Anxiety
Stranger Anxiety
Reunion Behaviour

Question 5

How did Ainsworth observe the infants behaviour in each episode?

Answer 5

Through a two-way mirror

Question 6

How many episodes were involved in the ‘strange situation’

Answer 6

7

Question 7

How long did each episode last in Ainsworth’s strange situation?

Answer 7

3 minutes

Question 8

What occurred in the first episode of the ‘strange situation’ ?

Answer 8

CG enters room with the INFANT, and the INFANT explores for 3 mins

Question 9

What was the first episode of ‘strange situation’ measuring?

Answer 9

Willingness to explore

Question 10

What occurred in the second episode of the ‘strange situation’ ?

Answer 10

A stranger enters and joins the CG and INFANT and tries to interact with the INFANT

Question 11

What was the second episode of the ‘strange situation’ measuring?

Answer 11

Stranger anxiety

Question 12

How was stranger anxiety measured in the ‘strange situation’ ?

Answer 12

Having a stranger enter the room

Question 13

What occurred in the third episode of the ‘strange situation’

Answer 13

CG leaves the infant with the stranger

Question 14

What was the third episode of the ‘strange situation’ measuring?

Answer 14

Stranger and separation anxiety

Question 15

What occurred in the fourth episode of the ‘strange situation’

Answer 15

CG returns and the stranger leaves

Question 16

How was reunion behaviour measured in the ‘strange situation’

Answer 16

By having the CG return

Question 17

What occurred in the fifth episode of the ‘strange situation’

Answer 17

CG leaves the INFANT alone

Question 18

What was the third episode of the ‘strange situation’ measuring?

Answer 18

Seperation anxiety

Question 19

What occurred in the sixth episode of the ‘strange situation’

Answer 19

The stranger returns

Question 20

What is the sixth episode of the ‘strange situation’ measuring?

Answer 20

Stranger anxiety

Question 21

What occurred in the seventh episode of the ‘strange situation’ ?

Answer 21

Parent returns and stranger leaves

Question 22

What was the seventh episode of the ‘strange situation’ measuring?

Answer 22

Reunion behaviour

Question 23

“EP3 : The parent leaves the infant with the stranger”

What is this episode measuring?

Answer 23

Stranger and seperation anxiety

Question 24

“EP1 : Parent enters the room with child, and the child explores”

What is this episode measuring?

Answer 24

Willingness to explore

Question 25

What 3 types of attachment were identified in the ‘strange situation’ ?

Answer 25

Secure Insecure avoidant Insecure resistant

Question 26

Describe a secure infants **exploration** behaviour

Answer 26

Willing to explore - but uses mother as **secure base**

Question 27

Describe a secure infants reaction to **separation**

Answer 27

Upset / subdued when mother leaves OR High levels of seperation anxiety

Question 28

Describe a secure infants reaction to a **stranger** when **alone**

Answer 28

Avoidant of stranger OR Shows high stranger anxiety

Question 29

Describe a **secure** infants reaction to a stranger when with their caregiver

Answer 29

Friendly **when** caregiver present

Question 30

Describe a **secure** infants reaction when **reunited** with their caregiver

Answer 30

Positive / happy with mother returns

Question 31

What type of caregiver is associated with producing a securely attached infant?

Answer 31

Responsive

Question 32

Describe an **insecure-avoidant** infants exploration behaviour

Answer 32

Willing to explore environment

Question 33

Describe an **insecure-avoidant** infants reaction to seperation

Answer 33

**Unconcerned** by mothers absence

Question 34

Describe an **insecure-avoidant** infants reaction to a stranger

Answer 34

**Unconcerned**, but often **avoidant**

Question 35

Describe an **insecure-avoidant** infants reaction to reunion

Answer 35

Unresponsive / unconcerned

Question 36

What type of caregiver is associated with producing an infant with an insecure-avoidant attachment type ?

Answer 36

Unresponsive

Question 37

Describe an **insecure-resistant** infants exploration behaviour

Answer 37

Low willingness to explore

Question 38

Describe an **insecure-resistant** infants reaction to seperation

Answer 38

Intensely distressed OR High seperation anxiety

Question 39

Describe an **insecure-resistant** infants reaction to strangers

Answer 39

Extreme fear of strangers OR High stranger anxiety

Question 40

Describe an **insecure-resistant** infants reaction to reunion

Answer 40

Clinginess mixed with rejection

Question 41

What type of caregiver is associated with producing an infant with an insecure-resistant attachment type ?

Answer 41

Inconsistent

Question 42

AO3: How could we criticise the **method** used by Ainsworth's ‘strange situation’

Answer 42

Lacks ecological validity

Question 43

What 2 elements of Ainsworth's procedure is standardised?

Answer 43

The order of each episode OR The length of each episode (3 mins)

Question 44

Which attachment type is **unconcerned** by a mothers absence?

Answer 44

Insecure-avoidant

Question 45

Which attachment type is **extremely fearful** of strangers?

Answer 45

Insecure - resistant

Question 46

Which attachment type would show positive behaviours when reunited with their mother

Answer 46

Secure

Question 47

Which attachment type would display low willingness to explore their environment?

Answer 47

Insecure resistant

Question 48

How do we criticise the strange situation TOOL?

Answer 48

Imposed epic

Question 49

Why is the Strange Situation criticised for imposed etic?

Answer 49

Focus on American child rearing practices, ignoring other cultures

Question 50

What do caregivers in Germany encourage/find desirable in their infants?

Answer 50

Independence

Question 51

What attachment type are German infant most likely to show in the Strange situation?

Answer 51

Insecure avoidant

Question 52

If the strange situation TOOL can be criticised for imposed etic, is it appropriate to use in other cultures when assessing attachment types?

Answer 52

May not be appropriate to use the SS as a way of assessing attachment types in other cultures

Question 53

Who conducted RTS to support Ainsworths Strange situation?

Answer 53

Van Ijzendoorn

Question 54

What did Van Ijzendoorn do?

Answer 54

Replicated the SS in the US

Question 55

What did Van Ijzendoorn find?

Answer 55

consistent findings with Ainsworths strange situation observations

Question 56

State the findings that Van Ijzendoorn found

Answer 56

SECURE - 65% INSECURE AVOIDANT - 21% INSECURE RESISTANT - 14%

Question 57

Why does Ainsworths research lack ecological validity?

Answer 57

Takes place in a controlled environment (room with a two way mirror)

Question 58

Why is it difficult for us to generalise Ainsworths findings to real life attachment types ?

Answer 58

The infant may not behave how they usually do in their natural environment as it is unfamiliar/new

Question 59

What does research to SUPPORT always increase?

Answer 59

The validity of MP to BP