Attachment and Deprivation

Question 1

Define “Attachment”.

Answer 1

This is the emotional and reciprocal connection built over time between an infant and its caregiver.

Question 2

What is “Attachment Deprivation”?

Answer 2

To experience a bond disrupt which is caused by separation between the infant and its caregiver. Attachment deprivation can lead to consequences, such as Depression.

Question 3

According to Sigmund Freud, why does a baby always want to be with/near the mother?

Answer 3

Because the baby know that she is the one to satisfy its libidal drives.

Question 4

According to Schaffer and Emerson, what is the most important thing that builds a bond between the mother and the infant?

Answer 4

• Quality of the Interaction

Question 5

State the 4 types of attachment infants have to their caregiver in the Strange Situation test.

Answer 5

Secure Attachment - The child cries when the mother is absent, when the mother comes back, the child is happy and seeks her comfort.

Resistant Attachment - The child has an insecure connection to their mother, when the mother return, they resist contact with the mother. A stranger may be seen as danger to the infant.

Avoidant Attachment - Infant does not seek contact with the mother, feels no distress in her lack of presence, and avoids contact when the mother returns. A stranger is treated similarly to the mother.

Disorganised Attachment - The infant’s behaviour does not seem to fall into one specific category (Secure, Resistant, Avoidant Attachment). They are showing a mix of feelings and behaviours.

Question 6

Why does the dimensional approach seem to be a better fit? According to Aimsworth and Bell’s

Answer 6

To provide a more accurate representation of how the instant behaves.

Question 7

What are 2 limitations to the Strange Situation test?

Answer 7

• The mother’s behaviour is controlled.
• The emphasis on the child’s response to neglectful treatment.

Question 8

What does the attachment theory say/helps us find out about the mothers?

Answer 8

It shows how sensitive the mother is towards her child’s needs.

Question 9

What is the maternal Sensitivity Hypothesis?

Answer 9

It is the idea of how the mother reacts and treats their child’s needs appropriately.

Question 10

What do early attachments form in the child? Define the key term.

Answer 10

An Internal Working Modal, this is the idea of how early attachments of which the child has, will affect and shape the way they view relationships and how they communicate with other individuals.

Question 11

Studies show that early positive attachments bring ________ relationships later on in the persons life, and negative attachments bring _________ relationships.

Answer 11

Studies show that early positive attachments bring healthy relationships later on in the persons life, and negative attachments bring abusive/negative relationships.

Question 12

Studies show that genetic affect older individuals with their attachment _________ (more/less?) than younger individuals.

Answer 12

Studies show that genetic affect older individuals with their attachment more (more/less?) than younger individuals.

Question 13

What does the mother need to do in order to build a healthy and positive connection/attachment with their child?

Answer 13

She must take. care of the child’s needs appropriately.

Question 14

What problems may a child face later on in life, if they had maternal deprivation at a younger stage of life?

Answer 14

• Intellectual / Emotional / Social Development issues

Question 15

Define the Monotropy Hypothesis

Answer 15

It is the idea of which a child must have that 1 special and strong connection with someone during their critical period, usually this attachment is with the mother/caregiver.

Question 16

What is the critical period?

Answer 16

The critical period is an early period of time of which the infant must have an attachment with someone in order for them to develop healthy.

Question 17

Are the affects of maternal-deprivation reversible?

Answer 17

Yes! According to Rutter.

Question 18

Mention 1 story of which confirms that the affects of maternal-deprivation is reversible.

Answer 18

A psychologist named Koluchova studies a pair of twins which lived in a cellar and were treated badly for the first 9 years of their lives. Once a loving family adopted them, years later they started developing communication skills.

Question 19

Define “Deprivation-specific problems”.

Answer 19

The issues which individuals may face if they went through any attachment deprivation when they were younger.

Question 20

According to Rutter, apart from the deprivation itself, the _________ of deprivation plays a bigger role.

Answer 20

According to Rutter, apart from the deprivation itself, the reason of deprivation plays a bigger role.

Question 21

Define “the crisis phase”.

Answer 21

This is the period of which the mother may become less affectionate after the divorce.

Question 22

Define “the adjustment phase”

Answer 22

This is the period of time that follows the crisis phase, in this period the mother is less emotionally distressed that before. This phase usually happens after at the second year after divorce.

Question 23

What do young boys tend to experience after the divorce of the parents?

Answer 23

They tend to become less obedient.

Question 24

“The negative effects of divorce depend on the child’s _______ at the time of the divorce”.

Answer 24

“The negative effects of divorce depend on the child’s age at the time of the divorce”.

Question 25

Young children experience more _________ problems if their parents divorce, but older children experience more _________ and __________.

Answer 25

Young children experience more behavioural problems if their parents divorce, but older children experience more academic achievement and romantic relationship issues.

Question 26

Divorce of parents may increase the risks of:

Answer 26

Suicide attempt, depression, alcohol/drug abuse, distress

Question 27

According to studies, children were found to have more __________ symptoms and a lower _________ if the have a non-working mother, but less of them if the mother works.

Answer 27

According to studies, children were found to have more depressive symptoms and a lower self-esteem if the have a non-working mother, but less of them if the mother works.