Attachment & Behaviourist & Social learning Flashcards
(44 cards)
What is learning?
A change in behavior as a result of experience.
What is behaviorism?
The branch of psychology that focuses on basic mechanics of learning.
What are the basic mechanisms of learning?
Habituation, classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
What is habituation?
The process of becoming habituated to a stimuli, stop responding to a stimulus as is repeated. Simplest way of learning that can have important consequences, such as habituation to violence.
What is affective forecasting?
People tend to overestimate the emotional impact of future events, both good and bad.
What is classical conditioning?
Process of learning what things or stimulus go together.
What is learned helplessness?
Behavioural pattern caused by the anxiety that results from unpredictable rewards and punishments.
What is operant conditioning?
Learning to do more of certain behaviours that lead to good outcomes. From this Skinner built behaviorism.
What is the social learning theory?
An influential descendant of behaviorism that has its roots in observations that behaviors came from more than just reinforcements. It had three major theories all called social learning.
What are the social learning theories?
Frustration-aggression theory
Rotter with people deciding based of their understanding of likely consequences
Bandura with self-efficacy
What does Bandura’s theory of social learning gives emphasis to?
Self-efficacy, the expectation that one can accomplish something successfully. Self-efficacy interacts with others self-judgements and create capacities.
What techniques would a psychotherapist that follow Bandura use?
Modelling and verbal persuasion. JUST DO IT.
What is the most influential aspect of Bandura’s theory?
Observational learning, learning a behaviour by watching someone else do it. Bobo doll experiment.
Who created the attachment theory?
John Bowlby
What was the importance of Harry Harlow’s experiment?
It showed that mammalians want their mother’s bond for more than just basic needs such as food, they want “contact comfort”.
What is an attachment figure?
A caregiver that provides support, protection and care. It’s the parents at childhood but it transitions to romantic partners later on.
What is the attachment behavioral system?
A system that continuously monitors the accessibility of the primary attachment figure like a thermostat. Evolved across time, promotes proximity in times of distress and promotes exploration when secure.
What are attachments behaviors?
Behaviours done to reestablish a desirable level of physical or psychological proximity to the primary attachment figure.
What is the technique called strange situation?
A laboratory task force studying infant-parent attachment.
What are the individual attachment styles proposed by Ainsworth?
Secure: Upset when parent leaves but easily comforted by parent.
Insecure:
Avoidant - Do not consistently behave as if they are stressed by the separation and avoid contact upon reunion
Anxious or ambivalent - Not easily comforted by the parent m, they want to be comforted but also punish the parent.
Why is Aindworth’s work important?
She provided empirical demonstration of attachment behaviour in unfamiliar context
Provided the first taxonomy of individual differences in infant attachment patterns
She correlated the individual difference to infant-parent interactions at home.
Who were the researchers to first investigate attachment patterns in romantic relationships?
Hazan and Shaver.
What are the similarities between infant bonds and adult bonds?
Both feel safe and secure with their primary attachment figure
Turn to their primary attachment figure in times of distress
Use the other person as a secure base to explore the world
Have baby talk lol
What is found in people with secure attachment style?
They date other people with secure attachment style, have better relationships with their parents in adulthood and have high functioning relationships.
