attachment case studies Flashcards
(26 cards)
Q: What did Meltzoff & Moore (1977) discover about infant behaviour?
A: Infants as young as 2-3 weeks can imitate adult facial expressions and gestures – evidence for interactional synchrony.
Q: What did Condon & Sander (1974) find about infant responses to speech?
A: Infants synchronise their body movements with adult speech, suggesting coordinated interaction.
Q: What are the four stages of attachment according to Schaffer?
A: 1) Asocial 2) Indiscriminate 3) Specific 4) Multiple attachments.
Q: What did Schaffer & Emerson (1964) conclude about attachment formation?
A: Attachment is more likely to form with responsive caregivers than those who simply feed the infant.
Q: What role did Geiger (1996) suggest fathers play in attachment?
A: Fathers are more playful and provide stimulating interactions, while mothers are more nurturing.
Q: What did Ross et al (1975) find about time spent with children and attachment?
A: Increased time fathers spent with children predicted stronger attachment.
Q: What did Caldera (2004) find about paternal involvement?
A: Fathers who were involved in care were more likely to form strong attachments with their infants.
Q: What did Goodsell & Meldrum (2009) find affects father-child attachment?
A: Quality of the parental relationship predicts the strength of the father-child bond.
Q: What did Lorenz (1935) demonstrate with geese?
A: Geese imprint on the first moving object they see during a critical period – supports innate attachment.
Q: What did Harlow (1959) show about attachment in monkeys?
A: Monkeys preferred the cloth ‘mother’ over a wire one that provided food – comfort is more important than feeding.
Q: What are the main principles of Bowlby’s Monotropic Theory?
A: Infants form one primary attachment
Q: What is the Strange Situation by Ainsworth (1978)?
A: A controlled observation identifying three attachment types: secure, insecure-avoidant, and insecure-resistant.
Q: What did Van IJzendoorn & Kroonenberg (1988) find about attachment across cultures?
A: Secure attachment is the most common globally, but cultural differences exist in avoidant/resistant types.
Q: What did Grossman et al (2002) discover about fathers’ roles?
A: Quality of father’s play predicted emotional and social development in later life.
Q: What did Bowlby’s 44 Juvenile Thieves study (1944) show?
A: Many thieves had experienced early maternal separation and showed signs of affectionless psychopathy.
Q: What did Robertson & Robertson (1952) observe about short-term separation?
A: Even brief separations (e.g., in hospital) caused distress and affected attachments.
Q: What did Goldfarb (1947) find about institutional care?
A: Institutionalised children had lower IQs and more emotional issues compared to those fostered early.
Q: What was learned from the Koluchová twins (1976)?
A: Despite severe abuse, twins recovered fully with proper care – suggesting effects of deprivation can be reversed.
Q: What happened in the Genie case (Curtiss, 1977)?
A: Genie was severely neglected and missed the critical period for language – never fully developed it.
Q: What did Rutter et al (2007) find in Romanian orphan studies?
A: Earlier adoption led to better emotional and cognitive outcomes – sensitive period supported.
Q: What did Hodges & Tizard (1989) find about peer relationships?
A: Children raised in institutions struggled to form peer relationships, even after adoption.
Q: What did Hazan & Shaver (1987) conclude from the ‘Love Quiz’?
A: Adult romantic styles reflect early attachment types – secure, avoidant, or resistant.
Q: What did Main et al (1985) contribute with the Adult Attachment Interview?
A: Found continuity between early attachment and adult attachment styles.
Q: What did Quinton et al (1984) find about parenting and early experience?
A: Women raised in institutions were more likely to struggle as parents themselves.
