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Charles I > Attack on Charles’s Government > Flashcards

Attack on Charles’s Government Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

What was expressed at start of long parliament

A

Hopes for happy session with resolution of all grievances

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2
Q

Why would a happy session be impossible

A

Charles wanted to restore authority even if forced into immediate concessions

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3
Q

Why were opponents determined to prevent Charles’s restored authority

A

This would mean he could take revenge on those who humiliated him

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4
Q

How many elections were contested

A

86

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5
Q

How did puritans view parliament

A

As defence against popery

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6
Q

What did puritans fear

A

Popish plot

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7
Q

What did puritans want to ensure

A

Parliaments place in constitution was safeguarded from absolutism

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8
Q

What did moderates want

A

To undo innovations of 1630s and return to status quo

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9
Q

What did moderates fear

A

That colleagues were bent on ‘parliamentary absolutism’ and that this was greater threat than kings actions

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10
Q

What did moderates oppose

A

Further reformation of church, especially removal of bishops and supported use of prayer book

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11
Q

What was there a degree of consensus on

A

Dismantling religious/financial innovations of 1630s and punish those responsible

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12
Q

How did parliament open

A

With series of speeches denouncing king

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13
Q

What happened to Strafford and Laud

A

Imprisoned

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14
Q

What happened to ship money judges

A

Impeached

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15
Q

What did presence of Scot’s remove

A

Threat of premature dissolution

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16
Q

Why were two subsidies voted

A

To cover immediate costs and allow discussions on strafford

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17
Q

What did junto petition for

A

Parliament in summer

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18
Q

What did junto wish for

A

To be kings advisers and change policies especially to Protestant foreign policy and puritan church reform

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18
Q

How were junto members skilled

A

Made effective speeches to both houses, dominated important committees, put pressure on king by promoting petitions / demonstrations in favor of policies , such as attacking bishops

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19
Q

What was juntos main aim

A

To become part of govt

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20
Q

What did members promise if Charles took them into office

A

Adequate revenue based on system of collection of ship money

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20
Q

What did junto recognize as part of the issue

A

Reluctance of parliament to grant sufficient funds

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21
Q

What was to sweep Laudian innovations

A

Religious reform, but bishops to stay if in consultation with rest of clergy and rest of clergy bound by law

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22
Q

Why was strafford hated and feared

A

Associated closest with attempt to rule with no parliament but had large army at disposal

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22
Why did strafford have no chance to accuse mps
He was impeached and sent to tower
23
What was strafford preparing to do on return
Accuse key MPs of treasonable dealings Scot’s
23
Why did these policies fail
Charles unwilling to curtail freedom of action, MPs reluctant to support increased taxation , Scot’s unhappy about retention of bishops
24
What did Pym suggest Strafford actions amounted to
Constructive treason - threatening to divide king and people
24
Why was it difficult to accuse strafford of treason
He acted with kings approval
25
Why was accusing strafford of treason a failure
Two men needed to attest for treason but only one would confirm straffords words
26
How was straffords trial carefully stage managed
Held in public and trial disseminated to build ill feeling against him, whole of commons present and Charles forbidden to attend publicly
27
What did several MPs move towards after failure of straffords trial
To have him attainted - guilt voted on without trial
27
What was the public view of the nations representatives intended to do
Portray ‘commonwealth’ as body independent from king
28
How was separation between king and state repeated a year later
When parliament claimed loyalty whilst preparing to fight against him
29
Why didn’t Straffords trial go to plan
Strafford defended himself with skill and public nature allowed him to attack accusers - idea of constructive treason flawed - flimsy evidence meant strafford could persuade lords to find him not guilty
30
Why did Pym originally oppose attainder
Still hoped for office and Charles would be unlikely to forgive them
31
What would Charles be doing by assenting to attainment
Confirming Straffords death
32
What was the first move to dismantle prerogative govt
Ensure Charles couldn’t use weapon of dissolution
32
What was the outcome of voted on attainder
200 to 59
33
Where was there more resistance to attainder
Lords, but fears on army plot that Charles was preparing for war on parliament
34
What were the moves to dismantle
Apparatus of prerogative govt
34
Why did Charles change his mind on the attainder
Presence of large hostile mobs outside Whitehall palace, baying for Straffords blood, and anguished pleas of Henrietta Maria
35
What was the army plot
Plan to infiltrate garrison of tower, take control, release strafford, bring army south and dissolve parliament
36
What did a letter from Strafford encourage Charles to do
Accept attainder, which he did
37
Who did parliament rely on the protection of
Scot’s army until legislation could be passed
38
What did alliance with Scot’s come at price of
Abolition of bishops which was unpopular in England
39
What did popular support for parliament rest on
Discontent about taxation, so mounting costs undermined this
40
Triennial act
Stipulated there should be parliament every 3 years, but laid down use of sheriffs to do so if king failed to - offensive to Charles who wouldn’t sign it
40
How did series of acts deal with abuses of 1630s
Tonnage and poundage granted for few months, other customs charges forbidden without parliament consent, acts in 1641 abolished star chamber and court of high commission, ship money and distraint of knighthood outlawed, forest boundaries returned to traditional limit
41
What bill did Charles sign
One stating parliament could only be dissolved with own consent, meaning he would have to accommodate their demands
42
What did the acts cause the king to be
Financially dependent on parliament
43
What did the acts remove the ability to do
Use law courts to enforce will
44
What did Pym and other leaders want at this stage
Share in executive power and policies noticed by king
45
How did Pym successfully maneuver to reduce Charles’s power
Secured control of key committees which prepared legislation, used associates to maintain high degree of unity , prepared to use contacts to organise petitions / demonstrations in favor of policies
46
What could government not function without
Adequate revenue
47
What did commons increase subsidy to
6, amounting to £300,000 but there would be delay in collection
48
How much did Scot’s army cost
£230,000
49
What did parliament do which caused opposition and resentment
Pay off Scot’s and English army using poll tax
50
What wasn’t shared by others that Pym realized
Financial reality - others more aware of effect of govt policy on country
51
What did Charles announcement of his intention to visit Scotland create fears on
That he would use northern army to reassert power
52
Why did English army regard parliament with hostility
Didn’t get wages or board
53
Why did commons rush act of poll tax
To ensure disbanding of army before Charles arrived
54
What did Ten Propositions urge king to do
Postpone journey until army disbanded, dismiss evil councilors, give control of military to faithful/trusty people , exclude Catholics as advisers of queen and those bringing up royal children
55
What did the ten propositions show
Extent of distrust in king
56
What did parliament seek to control
Army and kings advisers
57
What did parliament move from
Restoring ancient constitution to imposing radical restrictions on king
58
What did parliament fear, causing them to want to restrict king
That he would undo all the gains made in the previous 9 months

Charles I (7 decks)

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