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Charles I > Relations with parliament 1625-9 > Flashcards

Relations with parliament 1625-9 Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

Why did Charles call parliament in 1625

A

To obtain money for war with Spain

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2
Q

What was Charles unclear on when he called parliament in 1625

A

Any indication of the amount of money required

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3
Q

What did Charles wrongly believe about the 1625 parliament

A

That it would be as cooperative as the old one

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4
Q

How did the 1625 parliament demonstrate loyalty to Charles

A

Voted two subsidies of £140,000

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5
Q

What was the issue with the subsidies granted in 1625

A

It was inadequate

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6
Q

What did Charles do against precedent after subsidies were voted

A

Ask for more money

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7
Q

What doubts began to surface in the 1625 parliament

A

French marriage, Mansfield’s expedition, lack of defined enemy

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8
Q

What were commons yet to grant 1625

A

Tonnage and poundage

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9
Q

Why were only a quarter of mps present in 1625 parliament

A

Plague

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10
Q

Why was a temporary grant of one year made

A

To give time for full discussion of reform, including issue of impositions

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11
Q

Why was Charles offended by parliament?

A

The lords refused to grant tonnage and poundage

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12
Q

How did Charles collect customs duties

A

Without parliamentary consent on a plea of necessity as he couldn’t use half of his ordinary income to fight war

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13
Q

What happened when parliament reassembled in Oxford after adjournment

A

MPs unsympathetic to demand for speedy supply and turned attention to buckingham who the blamed for mishandling affairs

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14
Q

Why did Charles dissolve parliament

A

Saw attack on buckingham as attack on authority

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15
Q

Why was parliament of 1625 unsuccessful

A

Charles felt betrayed and couldn’t understand why commons refused to finance war it approved - resented attacks on buckingham and failure to grant tonnage and poundage

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16
Q

What did Charles believe commons was being lead astray by

A

A group of conspirators

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17
Q

What were mps bewildered by

A

Charles refusal to negotiate in usual way

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18
Q

What did Charles believe was the first duty of parliament

A

To serve his needs, then trust him to attend to theirs

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19
Q

Why did commons find cause to doubt his word

A

He broke promises about war and marriage negotiations

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20
Q

What was a worrying religious development for parliament

A

Rise of arminians who preached in favor of royal power

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21
Q

What did Charles do in desperate search for money after failed expedition to Cadiz

A

Secured loan against Crown Jewels, although only taxation could provide sufficient funds

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22
Q

When did Charles summon another parliament

A

1626

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23
Q

How did charles ensure successful section 1626

A

Selected prominent opponents as sheriffs for counties

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24
Q

What were sheriffs responsible for

A

Organizing polls, but couldn’t stand for election themselves

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25
Who did the introduction of sheriffs remove
Wentworth and Coke
26
What did commons prepare despite threats from Charles
Articles for buckinghams impeachment
26
What did the introduction of sheriffs instead do
Allow others to display dissatisfaction
27
Why was the parliament of 1626 a failure
Subsidies discussed but none passed, York house conference and failure of Cadiz left crown open to criticism, commons used buckingham as scapegoat
28
What did the dissolution of the 1626 parliament do
Leave crown in desperate financial predicament - enormous outgoings (£1m) and no additional income other than captured French ships (£50,000)
29
What did Charles force in 1625
Loan from richer subjects
30
Why did the forced loan cause ill feeling
Taxation without parliamentary consent
31
What was decided in 1626 in terms of forced loan
Another levied on all subsidy payers
32
How did the method of collecting the forced loan discourage refusal
Subsidy payers summoned to meetings and pressured to pay
33
How much had been raised by forced loan by 1627
£260,000
34
What was financial advantage brought at
Heavy political cost
35
What was forced loan seen as attacking
Fundamental right that taxation had to be agreed by parliament, which also acted as defender of liberties
36
What did Charles actions in forced loan increase fears on
Imposition of absolutism
37
How many were imprisoned for refusal to pay forced loan
76
38
Why was a judge dismissed
Refused to pronounce loan as legal
39
Five knights case
Five knights fought for Habeus corpus - crown couldn’t allow case to come to court in case knights released - council stated they had been imprisoned ‘by special command’ of king
40
What was king now doing
Taxing without consent and imprisoning at his pleasure
41
What did southern counties have additional burden of
Billeting and martial law
42
What time did attack on liberties come at
When popish practices were being brought into church
43
What fears were raised
That Charles ultimate aim was to impose catholic despotism
44
Where did charles raise loans from in 1627
City of London
44
What did Charles not understand
Effect of actions - believed nation should trust him to act in its best interests as power derived from god - needed money so legitimate to raise it in any way legal
45
How did Charles raise loan from city of London
By giving it last major body of crown lands worth £350,000
46
What did the sell of last major crown lands in 1627 mean
Ended role of land as major source of revenue and city unwilling to lend in future
47
What did king and commons realize in third parliament
That concessions were needed if parliament was to be effective
48
What did an MP urge commons to be
Conciliatory towards Charles
49
What did commons quickly do in 1627
Grant 5 subsidies and tonnage and poundage
50
What did MPs of 1627 parliament want to do
Safeguard liberties
51
What did commons decide to do (1627 parliament)
Present joint petition with lords which would have force of law if accepted
52
What did the petition of right call for end to
Non-parliamentary taxation, imprisonment without cause, billeting and martial law
53
How did Charles view debated on petition of right
With disfavor
54
What did Charles believe about forced loan and petition of right
That they brought forced loan upon themselves and that petition of right was further alienating him
55
What did Charles want expressions of (1627)
Absolute trust/loyalty, not restrictions on freedom of action
56
How did Charles accept petition of right
Initially with reluctance and absence of traditional assent which denied it force of law, but eventually gave conventional assent as waiting for five subsidies
57
How did petition of right display alienation from court
Charles couldn’t rely on lords to protect his prerogative and commons couldn’t trust king
58
What did commons draw up in remonstrance
Threats it faced: innovations in religion, including law enforcement of laws against Catholics, innovations in govt, including total reliance on buckingham, disasters at home and abroad, and judgement of god on govt, which had turned away from true light of Protestantism towards false lure of Rome
59
What did Charles obtain from parliament (1627)
5 subsidies but not confirmation of customs so collected tonnage and poundage out of necessity
60
When did Charles adjourn parliament (1627)
When commons began work on second remonstrance denouncing unparliamentary taxation of tonnage and poundage
60
What concessions did Charles make over religion (1629)
Enforced recusancy fines and appointed puritan abbot as Archbishop of Canterbury
61
How did court support king when merchants refused to pay
By saying petition of right was too broad to be used against its collection
62
What was second session of 1629 dominated by
Issue of Arminianism and tonnage and poundage
63
What did commons want to bargain with to obtain religious concessions (1629)
Customs duties
64
What happened when parliament was adjourned (1629)
Speaker forcibly held down whilst sir John Eliot condemned anyone who promoted innovation in religion, popery, Arminianism, counseled collection of tonnage and poundage w/o parliamentary consent and voluntarily paid duties
64
What would commons not grant without concessions
Customs
64
What was commons concerned by (1629)
Seizure of goods from merchants who refused to pay tonnage and poundage
65
Why was the impact of the petition of right weakened
Printed version included Charles’s original, unsatisfactory answer
66
What did Charles do in response to events following adjournment in 1629
Dissolve parliament and imprison those involved in demonstration
67
What happened to appeals for freedom
They were ignored, showing petition of right had little impact when king chose to ignore it
68
How had buckinghams domination effected privy council
Suppressed effective discussion
69
What did Buckinghams domination also do
Distort traditional system and meant parliament became only place for expressing dissent
70
What did lesser men find route blocked by
Buckinghams control of patronage
71
Where did MPs wishing to enter royal service vent frustration
In commons, often in a manner hostile to crown
72
When did new opposition role come
At a time where crown was introducing unpopular changes in religion and pursuing unsuccessful foreign policy
73
What had commons become by 1629
A severe critic of government and Charles deemed it not worth the struggle
74
What could both king and commons argue
That their behavior was in accordance with tradition and the other was reason for breakdown in relations

Charles I (7 decks)

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