Attatchment Flashcards

Question

strange situation - insecure avoidant

Answer 1

20-25% child shows little seperation protest child avoids contact upon reunion child treats stranger same way as parent

Answer 2

3% shows lots of seperation protest resists contact upon reunion lots of stranger anxiety

Answer 3

60-75% child shows separation protest child seeks contact on reunion with caregiver child wary of stranger

Answer 4

a series of interactions between caregiver, child and stranger. Baby was left alone with the stranger and alone by itself.

Answer 5

proximity seeking exploration stranger anxiety response to reunion

Answer 6

high internal validity replicable cause and effect established

Answer 7

lacks mundane realism culturally biased ( ethnocentrism) ethical implications

Answer 8

meta analysis study of 32 studies in 8 countries looking at attatchment types

Answer 9

lowest in China , highest in GB

Answer 10

insecure avoidant

Answer 11

more intracultrural differences than intercultural

Answer 12

large amount of studies were from USA

Answer 13

if a child was away from primary attatchment for prolonged period during first 2.5 years would cause damage

Answer 14

low IQ - supported by Goldfarb who found lower IQ in care kids emotionally affectionless and pyschopathic tendencies

Answer 15

studied 111 Romanian orphans adopted by British families before 2 years old, he looked at the effect of age and split them into 3 groups - adopted before 6 months - adopted between 6months-2years - after age of two

Answer 16

adopted after 6 months - disinhibited attachment adopted before 6 months - didn't display disinhibited

Answer 17

poor attatchment leads to poor relationships , poor parenting , and either being bullied or being a bully

Answer 18

Real life application - has led to improvements in child care No confounding variable Can't generalise findings to everyone that's been adopted as this was particularly bed

Answer 19

asocial , indiscrimnate , specific, multiple

Answer 20

an adult displayed one of three facial expressions or gestures , the response was filmed and inter observed and a link was found between what the adult had displayed and what the child had displayed

Answer 21

found after observation of 30 mothers that high levels of synchrony were associated with better quality mother infant attachment

Answer 22

- inconsistent research findings as some research is looking at father as primary attachment and some as secondary attachment so the question of what is the role of the father can't be answered

Answer 23

babies are immobile during this stage so difficult to make judgements about them based on their behaviour

Answer 24

Lorenz showed imprinting happened before food was given Harlow's monkeys show food isn't important

Answer 25

studied 2 twins who were isolated from the age of 18months to seven years old in a cupboard but after being adopted were okay

Answer 26

longitudinal study on roles of fathers and found that quality of infant attachment with mothers was related to attatchments in adolescent but not the same with fathers showing they play a less important role

Answer 27

75% of secondary attachments were with the father

Answer 28

if a father takes on role of primary caregiver they can be nurtruing , she studied this by looking at videos with primary caregivers and found similar interactions between mother and fathers

Answer 29

observing infants is hand movements and facial expressions , its very difficult to actually know what they mean and what is taking place from the infants perspective

Answer 30

they are descriptions of behaviours that are being shown but doesn't actually tell us the purpose

Answer 31

if fathers are so important why are children without one not any different , McCallum studied children without fathers and found children don't develop any differently

Answer 32

in collectivist cultures its believed babies form multiple attachments first as families jointly work together to care for the child

Answer 33

Guiton imprinted chicks with a yellow glove and they would try to mate with it however did eventually realise they had to mate with other chickens , showing Lorenz's imprinting effects weren't so permanent

Answer 34

he also stduied babies who had been raised with the wire model and found them to be much more aggressive and less sociable than other monkeys

Answer 35

he found monkeys had 90 days for an attatchment to form and if it didn't then it never would

Answer 36

found that infants developed primary attatchemnet to mother even when other caregiver did most of the feeding

Answer 37

ignores other factors such as interactional synchrony which have been proved by research to effect the quality of attachment

Answer 38

the more constant and predictable the child care is , the stronger the attachment

Answer 39

the effects of every seperation from the mother add up

Answer 40

if attatchment isnt formed by first wo years it never will be

Answer 41

babies are born with innate and cute behaviours that encourage attention from adults

Answer 42

Schaffer and Emerson showed multiple attachments could be formed at the same time

Answer 43

Brazleton assessed 99 mothers on the quality of attachment using standard interview and observation, then they asked them what their attachment was like with their own parents and found those who said they were poor were classified as poor during the observation

Answer 44

puts the idea that mothers are responsible for everything that goes wrong for a child

Answer 45

ainsworth only measured the three types of attachment however not all children fall into these , there is a 4th one known as a disorganised

Answer 46

secure was most common in all countries 50% in China 75% in UK

Answer 47

least common in all countries 3% in Britain 30% in Israel

Answer 48

most common in Germany least common in Japan

Answer 49

interviewed 44 teenage thieves and found 14 to have pyschopathic tendencies, 12 out of 14 of these had suffered from maternal deprivation

Answer 50

these orphans were from orphanages in ww2 which were particularly extreme as they were often traumatised and had poor after care

Answer 51

- carried out by Bowlby himself which is research bias - Replicated by Lewis but using 500 ps and found no link between psychopathic tendancies and maternal deprivation

Answer 52

Levy et al showed separating baby rats from mothers for as little as a day had a permanent effect on social development

Answer 53

studied 165 Romanian orphans and assessed them at the ages 4,6,11,15 and compared with 52 British orphans

Answer 54

when they first adopted they had delayed intellectual development by 11 they had showed differing rates of recovery depending on the age they were adopted adopted before 6 months - IQ was 102 adopted after 6 months - IQ was 86

Answer 55

they weren't randomly assigned as groups were pre existing, meaning some children may have been more sociable than others which becomes a confounding variable

Answer 56

- love quiz put in an American Newspaper with 3 sections - first section was about current or most important relationship - second section was no of partners and general love experience - third section asked them to describe feelings on childhood

Answer 57

those who were securely attached tended to have good long lasting relationship's whereas avoidants tended to fear intimacy and show jealousy

Answer 58

found little association between quality of infant and adult attachment showing internal working model may not exist

Answer 59

other factors such as parenting style and temprament may have an effect on how a child forms relationships

Answer 60

Clarke et al describes the infleunce as probablistic , people are not doomed they just have a greater risk

Attatchment Flashcards

(84 cards)