Attatchment

Question 1

Define interactional synchrony

Answer 1

When a mother and infant reflect each other’s emotions and actions in a coordinated way.

Question 2

Identify Schaeffer stages of attachment

Answer 2

A social
Indiscriminate
Specific
Multiple

Question 3

Describe various roles of the father which research has shown us

Answer 3

-Grossman (2002) found that fathers have more of a play and stimulation role

• Field (1978) found fathers can be primary caregivers and adopt the behaviours of mothers

Question 4

Define an internal working model and explain its importance

Answer 4

An internal working model is the mental representation a child has of how the relationship with their primary caregiver is. Bowlby believes these have a powerful effect on future relationships as internal working model serves as a template for other relationships. Children will later form relationships similar to their internal working models.

Question 5

Give a limitation of research into internal working models

Answer 5

There is a theoretical problem with research related to the internal working models. Internal working models are unconscious yet the methods used to study them (self report methods) our conscious. Therefore the self report technique cannot really be a good method to assess them.

Question 6

What method is used to measure attachment type in children?

Answer 6

Ainsworth strange situation

Question 7

What are the behaviours that Ainsworth uses to judge attachment?

Answer 7

Proximity seeking
Explanation and secure based behaviour
Stranger anxiety
Separation anxiety
Response to reunion

Question 8

List the episodes to the strange situation

Answer 8

1) Child & mother enter unfamiliar playroom
2) Child encourages to explore
3) Stranger comes in and tries to interact with child
4) Mother leaves child and stranger together
5) Mother returns and stranger leaves
6) Mother leaves
7) Stranger returns
8) Mother returns and is reunited with child

Question 9

List three attachment types

Answer 9

• Secure attachment (Type B)
• Insecure-avoidant (Type A)
• Insecure-resistant (Type C)

Question 10

What personality will an insecure resistance child tend to develop?

Answer 10

Controlling and argumentative personality

Question 11

Wha can we conclude from Harlow’s Research?

Answer 11

Monkeys have an innate, unlearned need for contact and comfort, suggesting that attachment concerns emotional security more than food. Contact comfort is associated with lower levels of stress and willingness to explore.

Question 12

Describe the two laws of Balby’s monoTropic theory

Answer 12

Law of continuity- the more constant and predictable the relationship is with the mother the stronger the attachment.

Law of accumulated separation - for there to be no future problems and the attachment to be secure and healthy, there should be no separation between the mother and the infant

Question 13

Define imprinting

Answer 13

Imprinting is when a young animal eventually comes to recognise another animal or a person or thing as a parent