Attention

Question 1

Divided Attention

Answer 1

Divided attention occurs when an individual must perform two tasks which require attention, simultaneously.

Question 2

Joint attention

Answer 2

Joint attention is the focusing of attention on an object by two separate individuals

Question 3

Directed attention

Answer 3

allows attention to be focused sustainably on a single task, in this
case a single orientation of the Necker cube.

Question 4

Attention

Answer 4

focus/concentrating on something at the exclusion of the other stimuli in environment.

Question 5

Exogenous /External Cues

Answer 5

Don’t have to tell ourselves to look for them in order for them to capture our attention Ex. Bright colors, loud noises,
“pop-out effect”)

Question 6

Endogenous Cues / Internal Cues

Answer 6

Require internal knowledge to understand the cue and the intention to follow it E

Question 7

Cocktail party Effect

Answer 7

ability to concentrate on one voice amongst a crowd. Or when someone calls your name

Question 8

In-attentional blindness – aka Perceptual Blindness

Answer 8

we aren’t aware of things not in our visual field when our attention is directed elsewhere in that field. “miss something right in front of you”

Question 9

Change blindness

Answer 9

fail to notice changes from a previous to a current state in environment.

Question 10

Distal stimuli

Answer 10

are objects and events out in the world about you. Aware of and respond to this – this is what is important.

Question 11

Proximal stimuli

Answer 11

are the patterns of stimuli from these objects and events that actually reach your senses (eyes, ears, etc.). It is the light that is actually falling on the retina.

Question 12

Covert orienting

Answer 12

is the act of bringing the spotlight of attention on an object or event without body or eye movement.

Question 13

Overt orienting

Answer 13

a person turns all or part of the body to alter or maximize the sensory impact of an event.

Question 14

Attentional capture

Answer 14

occurs when attention is attracted by the motion of an object or stimulus.

Question 15

Neglect syndrome

Answer 15

occurs when damage to the brain causes a change or loss in the capacity of the spatial dimension of divided attention.

Question 16

Vigilance attention and signal detection

Answer 16

are processes that attempt to detect a signal or
target of interest. This allows responses to be primed and quick actions undertaken in
response to the signal or target of interest,

Question 17

Executive attention

Answer 17

is involved in goal-directed behavior, monitoring conflicts between internal processes, and anticipating the effects of behavior. Dopamine from the ventral tegmental area is associated with executing attention.

Question 18

Selective Attention

Answer 18

ability to focus on task at hand while ignoring other information.

Question 19

Shadowing task

Answer 19

An experiment that studies selective attention. In this task, you are wearing headphones and they have two different sounds in each. The left ear hears one thing, the right ear another thing. Told to repeat everything said in one ear and ignore the other. Focus on one ear and ignore the other (selective attention). Based on the unattended information that we do and don’t end up comprehending -

Question 20

Broadbent’s Early Selection Theory

Answer 20

All information in the environment goes into the sensory register

then the info gets transferred to a selective filter right away which identifies what you are supposed to be attending to via basic physical characteristics and filters out stuff in unattended ear based on things you don’t need to understand to identify

and finally information moves to perceptual processes identifies friend’s voice and assigns meaning to words. Then you can engage in other cognitive processes such as deciding how to respond.