attention 3

Question 1

what happened in Simons and Chabris’ study of inattentional blindness?

Answer 1

‘invisible gorilla test’
participants watched a video of people dressed in black and white passing basketballs to each other
asked to count how many times the team in white passed the ball
during the video, a person dressed as a gorilla walked amongst the teams
participants were asked if they had seen anything unusual in the video

Question 2

what were the results of Simons and Chabris’ study?

Answer 2

participants hadn’t noticed the gorilla due to the demanding task

Question 3

what is inattentional blindness?

Answer 3

individual fails to notice a visible yet unexpected visual stimulus in their sight

Question 4

what happened in Hyman’s study of inattentional blindness?

Answer 4

investigated the impact of divided attention whilst walking
people either listened to an MP3 player, talked on a phone, were accompanied by another person or walked without electronics
unicycling clown in vivid clothes went past

Question 5

what were the results of Hyman’s study?

Answer 5

those engaged in phone conversations were least likely to recognise the unicycling clown

Question 6

does memory have a role in inattentional or change blindness?

Answer 6

change blindness

Question 7

what is change blindness?

Answer 7

one picture compared to another, when looking at them separately do not notice anything unusual
fail to notice changes in the environment j

Question 8

what happened in Simon and Levin’s study?

Answer 8

experimenter held a map and asked a random pedestrian for directions
as the pedestrian provided directions, two people walked between him and the partipant, holding a wooden door
after this, the experimenter was replaced by someone who looked different and had a different voice

Question 9

what were the results of Simon and Levin’s study?

Answer 9

nearly half the pedestrians failed to notice the change in experimenter

Question 10

what are large scale attention networks?

Answer 10

large scale= happen in different lobes of the brain
attentional= activity modulated by attention
networks= areas tightly interconnected by neural pathways, often activated together

Question 11

what are the two major attention networks?

Answer 11

dorsal attention network
ventral attention network

Question 12

what is the dorsal attention network?

Answer 12

main components are the frontal eye field and intraparietal sulcus
top down control
goal driven orienting
left and right hemisphere

Question 13

what is the ventral attention network?

Answer 13

main components are ventral frontal cortex and temporoparietal junction
bottom up control
stimulus driven re orienting
mainly right hemisphere

Question 14

which attention network is spatial neglect a consequence of damage to?

Answer 14

ventral attention network

Question 15

where is the spatial neglect deficit usually?

Answer 15

on the left side

Question 16

how are people affected by spatial neglect?

Answer 16

extinction typically seen in recovering patients
can be unaware of the deficit
patient’s performance usually improves over time

Question 17

how are the changes different in change and inattentional blindness?

Answer 17

change blindness= can occur even if finding the change is the actual task
inattentional blindness= easy if participants are asked to look out for something odd

Question 18

why should neglect be considered an attentional not a perceptual deficit?

Answer 18

patients unaware of their deficit
extinction occurs
can affect imagination as well as space perception
can be multi modal