Attention/Consciousness Flashcards
(26 cards)
Attention
Contigently selective processing
Consciousness
Awareness of thoughts/actions
Helmholtz
Consciousness: there is no way to take in all the information we need to understand the world,
We have to make assumptions/inferences about whats in the environment
Inferences about form/shape, location/distance, movement in target zone
William James- Unconscious
“the sovereign means for believing what one likes in psychology and of turning what might become a science into a tumbling-ground for whimsies
Automaticity Benefits
Doesn’t take up cognitive effort
allows us to do other things
multitask
Happens out of awareness
Mediated by stimulus response
Implicit Task
tasks for which we don’t have conscious awareness
(ex: looking at professor)
Procedural- subset of implicit, things that come automatically (riding a bike)
Explicit Task
Conscious effort
declarative task is subset, something that is usually rooted in language, like remembering a list of words
Learning- stimulus response
Stimulus-> response-> reward-> automati
Ex: Steak———> salivation
Priming
the introduction of one stimulus influences how people respond to a subsequent stimulus.
5 types of Attention acronym
Sam Fought Battles, Hailed Invincible
5 types of attention
Sampling/Perception
Filtering/Gating
Binding
Holding
Indexing
Sampling/Perception
Info picked up by eye (fovea), color perception happens in fovea, motion happens in peripheral.
- Scan environment to receive ‘data points’ about surroundings
Filtering/Gating
Selection for/against what info is processed
uses facilitation, inhibition, gating (diffuse/focused attention)
Filtering- Facilitation/Inhibition
Facilitation- selected FOR/enhanced
Inhibition- selected AGAINST/suppressed
Gating- Diffuse/Focused attention
Diffuse- input from a large area processed quickly but prone to error
Focused- Input from small area, processed slower but more accurately
Binding
Perceive parts as a whole– integrating information to build something whole
Holding
maintaining attention - allows us to see an object as the same object with continuity even as it changes.
creating coherent structure necessary to perceive continuity over time- linked in space and across time, so as to refer to a single persisting object
- Uses Visual Short Term Memory (vSTM)
Indexing
See things as individual/particular objects
can track about 4 items at a time (up to 8)
Stroop Effect
color is coded through language, test with words that are in different colored font.
- shows peoples capacity for selective attention, and how stimuli can escape attentional control
visual neglect
commonly caused by stroke and other unilateral brain injuries
types of visual neglect
Unilateral spatial neglect: “lack of awareness of the side of space opposite to the brain hemisphere that is damaged.”
Perceptual neglect – ex: fail to comb their hair only on one side
Representational neglect - only being able to see one side of visual field in memory/imagination (exclusively visual mental images)
automaticity
involuntarily or unconsciously act (reflex, innate process, engrained habit)
Lange- emotional states
Caused by bodily sensations (happiness comes from smiling)
William James- emotional states
set of basic emotions, each of these emotions has its own associated physical state (emotional measurement).
