Perception/visual perception Flashcards
Cognitive penetration:
Our mind can utilize “cognitive processes” to fill in the missing information – may include memory, but also may theoretically utilize language, as well a include ideas, beliefs, attitudes
FEEDBACK LOOPS MODEL
survival value cognitive penetration
Has conflicts with expectations, important cues to things that are beyond what we would expect at baseline, so we can pay attention for survival. ex: bad test–poison, scream in silence
Top down processing:
What we think/know/previous experience will influence our perception: ex: think oysters are gross, they will taste gross
Bottom up processing:
stimulus influences what we perceive, ex: smell cookies, feel hungry for cookies, smile and we feel happy
Gestalt
Perceive things as whole- allow us to make meaning in our environment, even though we cannot sense all of it.
Top Down Processing
5 categories
proximity, similarity, common fate, closure, connectedness
Max Wertheimer
Grouping principles of gestalt
proximity, similarity, common fate, closure, connectedness
Important- helps with decreased attention and increased perception of other details
Proximity- Grouping
objects or shapes close to one another appear grouped together
Similarity- grouping
if objects look similar, they will be grouped together
Common Fate- grouping
move together– when visual elements are seen moving together (direction/rate) perceived as unified group (ex: flock of birds flying together)
Continuation- grouping
(smooth) – brains tend to see objects as continuous or smooth rather than disjointed or discontinuous. (ex: movies)
Closure- grouping
Closure (of figures) – minds tendency to see complete figured or forms even if a picture is incomplete
Segregation:
Segregation is the process of distinguishing two objects as being distinct or discrete
**A variety of subjective factors, including past experiences (learning), attention, perceptual set, and the observer’s fixation location, affect segregation.
- where does one thing begin and another end?? BORDERS are very important to distinguish this
Visual Perception
- Enters through cones/rods
- info transmitted through optic nerve
- Comes first to Primary visual cortex
- Then info is transmitted to rest of brain for interpretation
Blind Spot
no light sensitive cells.
use cognitive penetration to ‘fill in’ what is missing
What faces are babies most likely to recognize?
Same race/types of faces they are most exposed to
