Attention to Visual Information Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is dualism in relation to the mind-brain relationship?
Dualism is the belief in a nonmaterial mind that exists separately from the body, which conflicts with the conservation of matter and energy.
What is monism in the context of neuroscience?
Monism is the idea that mental activity is inseparable from brain activity, and mental experiences are tied to physical processes in the brain.
What is the “hard problem” of consciousness?
The “hard problem” asks why consciousness exists at all, not just how it arises from brain activity.
What is materialism?
Materialism is the view that everything that exists is physical, including mental processes.
What is mentalism?
Mentalism is the view that nothing can exist unless a mind is aware of it.
What is the identity position in the mind-brain relationship?
The identity position holds that conscious experiences and specific brain activities are the same thing.
How is consciousness of a stimulus measured?
Researchers measure brain activity by presenting a stimulus when it is consciously perceived and when it is not, comparing the differences in brain activity.
What happens during flash suppression?
Flash suppression occurs when flashing stimuli prevent you from seeing a stationary stimulus.
What is masking in visual perception?
Masking involves a brief visual stimulus being preceded, followed, or both by longer interfering stimuli that disrupt perception of the original stimulus.
What is the phi phenomenon?
The phi phenomenon occurs when the second position of a dot influences your perception of the first, showing how prior events can influence perception.
What is inattentional blindness?
Inattentional blindness occurs when you fail to notice a slowly changing stimulus in a complex scene unless you are specifically paying attention to it.
What is the difference between bottom-up and top-down attention?
Bottom-up attention: Occurs when a new stimulus automatically grabs attention. Top-down attention: Occurs when the prefrontal and parietal cortex direct attention to particular stimuli based on goals or expectations.
What is the Stroop effect?
The Stroop effect refers to the difficulty of ignoring words and instead naming the color of the ink in which the words are written.
What is spatial neglect?
Spatial neglect is a deficit in attention, where individuals ignore one side of space (typically the left) despite having no issues with sensation.
What is hemispatial neglect?
Hemispatial neglect is the tendency to ignore the left side of the body, objects, or sensory input, typically after damage to the right hemisphere of the brain.
What is the role of the dorsal and ventral attention networks?
Dorsal attention network (DAN): Top-down attention, directing attention based on goals. Ventral attention network (VAN): Bottom-up attention, reacting to salient stimuli.
What is the difference between visual attention and object recognition?
Visual attention refers to the ability to focus on specific stimuli, while object recognition involves identifying and categorizing what is seen.
What is the impact of spatial neglect on visual imagery?
People with spatial neglect may be able to remember the neglected side but cannot describe it until directed to focus on it from a different perspective.
What is the role of the frontal-parietal network in attention?
The frontal-parietal network is involved in top-down control of attention, deciding which stimuli to prioritize.
How does spatial neglect affect other sensory modalities?
Spatial neglect can affect auditory, somatosensory, and motor processing, not just vision.
Can spatial neglect be overcome?
Yes, spatial neglect can sometimes be overcome with strong cues or attention-directing strategies.
How can spatial neglect affect motor movements?
People with spatial neglect may have difficulty directing motor movements, particularly toward the neglected side of their body or space.
What did the study by Bisiach et al. (1997) demonstrate?
The study showed that individuals with spatial neglect can describe the neglected side of an object or space when they are directed to focus on it from a different perspective, highlighting the role of attention.
