Attidtudes to C and P Flashcards
(25 cards)
What were the purposes of punishment in the Middle Ages?
Deterrence, retribution, and to keep order.
How was punishment carried out in the Middle Ages?
Punishments were public and harsh to show that justice was being done.
What characterized public punishments in the Early Modern Era?
Increased crime rates led to more public punishments such as whipping vagabonds.
What elements of humiliation were used in Early Modern punishments?
Branding, stocks, and pillory were used as forms of humiliation.
What was a common feature of punishment during the Early Modern Era?
Public execution, particularly hanging.
What was the role of prisons in the Early Modern Era?
Prisons were used temporarily to hold offenders or debtors.
What change occurred with the Elizabethan Poor Laws?
The government set up Houses of Correction.
What major change occurred during the Industrial Era regarding punishment?
Introduction of transportation and banishing criminals as an alternative to the death penalty.
What was the Bloody Code and how did it change?
It was abolished to 5 crimes, leading to a change in attitude towards prison and reform.
What did the Gaols Act of 1823 accomplish?
It improved security and sanitation in prisons.
What systems were introduced during the Industrial Era?
Separate and silent systems focused on punishment and reform.
What did the 1865 Penal Servitude Act mandate?
All prisoners should experience hard labour, hard fare, and hard board.
E.g. hard work, bread and water, and hard bed.
What significant change occurred regarding public execution in 1868?
Public execution was banned.
What two attitudes were debated in the Modern Era?
Retribution and rehabilitation.
How were juveniles treated up until the 19th century?
They were treated the same as adults.
What was established in the 1850s for young offenders?
Reform schools for ages 10-15.
What were Borstals focused on?
Discipline and authority.
What replaced the old system in 1982?
Youth Detention Centres with stricter discipline.
What was the outcome of the Youth Detention Centres?
Youth re-offending increased to 75%.
What new types of punishments emerged in the 21st century?
ASBOs and e-tagging.
What is the aim of modern punishments for young offenders?
To punish but also reform them in preparation for adulthood.
What change occurred regarding corporal and capital punishment?
Flogging of prisoners ended in 1948 and capital punishment was abolished in 1969.
What were the three cases that led to the abolition of capital punishment?
Derek Bentley, Ruth Ellis, and Timothy Evans.
What is the belief behind rehabilitation?
Education, training, and treatment can help criminals become useful members of society.
