methods of punishment Flashcards
(17 cards)
What was a common punishment in Saxon times?
Trial by ordeal, such as trial by hot iron.
This was held before the punishment was decided.
What is wergild?
Fines relied upon by Saxons as a form of punishment.
What were the three main types of punishment in the Middle Ages?
Whipping, stocks & pillory, and mutilation.
Examples include whipping for beggars, stocks for minor crimes, and branding for beggars.
What alternative to the death penalty was introduced during the Industrial Era?
Transportation to penal colonies, primarily Australia after the 1770s.
What were the conditions like in Australian penal colonies?
Conditions were harsh, with punishments such as whipping and chain gangs for non-compliance.
What was the Bloody Code?
By 1815, there were 225 crimes punishable by death.
Who were key figures in prison reform?
Howard, Fry, and Paul.
What was the Separate System in prison reform?
A system with individual cells, work, and religious sermons, used in over 50 prisons by the 1850s.
What was the Silent System?
A system designed to make life unpleasant with pointless tasks.
What significant changes occurred in the 20th century regarding punishment?
Abolition of corporal and capital punishment led to new forms of punishment.
What were borstals?
Institutions set up in 1908 for 15-21 year olds, focusing on strict rules and education.
What are Young Offenders Institutions?
Institutions set up in 1988 to reform violent offenders aged 18-21.
What are alternatives to prisons that were introduced?
Probation, parole, community service, and electronic tagging.
What is probation?
A set of rules with a probation officer, requiring reporting to police and counseling for issues like drug dependency.
What is community service?
Unpaid work to benefit the community, introduced in 1972.
What is electronic tagging?
Introduced in the 1990s, it monitors movements and limits when and where offenders can go.
What educational initiatives have been introduced in prisons?
Prisons have introduced education programs for offenders.
