Audation

Question 1

Amplitude

Answer 1

Loudness

Question 2

Frequency

Answer 2

Pitch

Question 3

Complexity

Answer 3

Timber

Question 4

Presbycusis

Answer 4

Hearing loss with age

Question 5

What range does human hearing occur

Answer 5

20 Hz to 20kHz

Question 6

Function of external ear

Answer 6

Boost sound by 3 kHz

Conduction

Question 7

Function of ossicles

Answer 7

Mechanical advanage to amplify sound

Question 8

Name 2 attenuative muscles

Answer 8

Tensor typanis (CN V)
Stapeds (CN VII)

Question 9

Where is perilymph found in the inner ear

Answer 9

Scala Vestibuli and Tympani

Question 10

Where is endolymph found in the inner ear

Answer 10

Scala media

Question 11

Which end of the basilar membrane is narrow & stiff, it is goud at detecting

Answer 11

Side nearest the round window

Detects high frequency sounds

Question 12

Which end of the basilar membrane is wide & floppy, it is goud at detecting

Answer 12

Side in helicotrema

Detects low frequency sounds

Question 13

Which has high K concentration

Answer 13

Endolymph (80 mV)

Question 14

Function of inner hair cells

Answer 14

Movement send information to afferent nerve fibers of CN VIII

Question 15

Role of outer hair cells

Answer 15

Electromotile, stiffen basilar membrane

Question 16

Steps in depolarization

Answer 16

Basilar membrane moves
Bend towards tallest kinocilia
K+ enters the outer hair cells from endolymph
Open Ca channels
Neurotransmission release
Outer hair cells elongate to loosen basilar membrane
Cholea amplifiers
K leaves through base of cell so no accumation = quick reset

Question 17

Steps in hyperpolarization

Answer 17

Basilar membrane moves
Stereocilia on outer & inner hair cells move away from the tallest kinocillia
Reduced K influx from endolymph
Reduced Ca release
Reduced NT release
Outer membrane hair cells lengthen
Basilar membrane stiffens

Question 18

Steps in auditory pathway

Answer 18

CN 8
Dorsal cochlear in rostral medulla
Superior Olive
Inferior colliculus
Thalamus (Medial Geniculate Nucleus)
Auditory Cortex

Question 19

What happens in dorsal chochlea/rostral medulla

Answer 19

Frequency deduced from ipsilateral side

Question 20

What happens in Antero\postero ventral medulla

Answer 20

Intensity & loudness deduced

Question 21

What happens in Superior olive
Medial:
Lateral:

Answer 21

Sound localization
Medial: Time delay
Lateral: Intensity difference

Question 22

What happens in somatosensory nucleus

Answer 22

Integration of wound with somatosensory inforation
- Startle reflex
- Vestibuloccular Reflex
Filtering background noise

Question 23

Where in the thalamus does auditory information go

Answer 23

Medial Geniculate Nucleus

Question 24

Brocha area

Answer 24

Speech production

Question 25

Wernicke's Area

Answer 25

Speech comprehension

Question 26

Supramarginal gyrus

Answer 26

Matching auditory phenoms with meaning

Question 27

Angular gyrus

Answer 27

Matching written phenoms with meaning

Question 28

Arcuate Fasiculus

Answer 28

Matches broca & warnicke's area (involved in conduction aphasia

Question 29

McGurk Effect

Answer 29

Mismatch between visual & auditory information but visual trumps

Question 30

Ventral stream in cortext

Answer 30

Pitch Primary auditory cortex Inferior Frontal gyrus

Question 31

Dorsal Stream

Answer 31

Sound locaization

Question 32

Organization of primary auditory cortex

Answer 32

By frequency in columns in superior temporal gyrus

Question 33

Secondary auditory cortex recognizes

Answer 33

Combinations of sound

Question 34

Which hemisphere | Pitch

Answer 34

Left (Broca's area)

Question 35

Changes in pitch

Answer 35

Right

Question 36

Timbre

Answer 36

Right

Question 37

Hyperbycussis

Answer 37

Hypersensitivity to loud sounds

Question 38

Auditory agnosia

Answer 38

No meaning attached to non-verbal sound

Question 39

Congentital amunusia

Answer 39

Tone deafness

Question 40

Tinnitus

Answer 40

Perception of sound in the absence of sound

Question 41

Conduction deafness

Answer 41

Can't conduct sound from the inside

Question 42

Nerve deafness

Answer 42

Loss of hair cells

Question 43

Acquired hearing loss caused by which 2 antibiotics

Answer 43

Streptomycin | Gentamicin

Question 44

Acoustic neuroma

Answer 44

Slow growing tumor from schwan cells

Question 45

Menieres disease

Answer 45

Progressive hearing loss

Question 46

Furosemide

Answer 46

Hair cell contraction, sense of sound or hearing loss