Audiology Midterm

Question 0

Retrocochlea

Answer 0

Behind or after the cochlea

Question 1

More of the basilar membrane is stimulated by ______ frequency sounds.

Answer 1

Low

Question 2

Nerve fibers at the ______ end of the cochlea respond to low frequency

Answer 2

Apical

Question 3

Fibers in the _____ end of the cochlea respond to high frequency

Answer 3

Basal

Question 4

All nerve fibers terminate at the _____

Answer 4

Cochlear nucleus

Question 5

_____ is the first level where fibers decussate to the opposite side

Answer 5

Superior olivary complex

Question 6

The ear can be described as a _____, changing one form of energy to another form

Answer 6

Transducer

Question 7

The outer ear is made up of the ____ and ______

Answer 7

Pinna and EAM

Question 8

Two functions of external auditory meatus

Answer 8

Protect middle and inner ear and increase the amplitude of high frequency sounds

Question 9

The ____ and the ____ have natural resonant frequencies

Answer 9

Concha and external canal

Question 10

When frequencies are close to resonant frequencies of the canal what happens?

Answer 10

Get a boost of 10-15 dB

Question 11

The EAM terminates at the

Answer 11

Tympanic membrane

Question 12

Layers of the tympanic membrane are

Answer 12

Epithelial layer
Fibrous layer
Membranous layer

Question 13

Two sections of tympanic membrane

Answer 13

Para flaccida and pars tensa

Question 14

Two processes of the incus are

Answer 14

Short crus and long crus

Question 15

EAM is ____ long in children

Answer 15

6mm

Question 16

EAM is _____ long in adults

Answer 16

23-29 mm

Question 17

Two functions of the pinna

Answer 17

Collect and send sound waves through the ear canal

Assist in sound localization

Question 18

Pinna lined with ____ and _____

Answer 18

Epithelium and cilia

Question 19

Glands for cerumen contained in _____ part of the EAM

Answer 19

Cartilaginous

Question 20

Resonant frequency is

Answer 20

Frequency in which something responds or vibrates best to

Question 21

Three parts of the stapes

Answer 21

Two crura and a footplate

Question 22

Malleus is embedded into the tympanic membrane on its _____

Answer 22

Manubrium

Question 23

Ossicles are suspended by ____ which allow them to move

Answer 23

Ligaments

Question 24

Two functions of the Eustachian tube

Answer 24

Equalize air pressure between the middle ear and pharynx Help drain fluids that might accumulate in the middle ear

Question 25

What are you experiencing when you pop your ears?

Answer 25

Eustachian tube is equalizing pressure

Question 26

Pressure measurement on tymp measures

Answer 26

Pressure in atmosphere vs behind the ear canal

Question 27

Tymps measure

Answer 27

Pressure, compliance (how much membrane moves), and volume

Question 28

Pressure values in tymps are indicative of....

Answer 28

Amount of pressure in the middle ear cavity

Question 29

Compliance values are indicative of

Answer 29

Amount of mobility - measured in cm or mm

Question 30

ECV is important with type ____ tymps otherwise not clinically significant

Answer 30

B

Question 31

If a person has tubes, a large ECV may be suggestive of an _____ tube

Answer 31

Open

Question 32

Pressure less than -150 indicative of a type ____ tymp

Answer 32

C

Question 33

Type As tymps are characterized by...

Answer 33

``` Shallow compliance (below .25 for a child and below .3 for an adult) Normal pressure ```

Question 34

Conditions that might lead to an As tympanogram are

Answer 34

Otosclerosis Fluid Severely scarred eardrum

Question 35

Ad tympanograms characterized by

Answer 35

Really high compliance | Normal pressure

Question 36

Condition that Mayr lead to Ad tymps

Answer 36

Disarticulation of the ossicular chain

Question 37

Type B tymp characterized by

Answer 37

Flat pattern | No peak

Question 38

Characteristic of type C tymp

Answer 38

Pattern similar to type A | Compliance WNL but abnormal pressure (below -150 daPa)

Question 39

Acoustic reflex involves involuntary contractions of the ____ muscles

Answer 39

Middle ear

Question 40

More of the basilar membrane is stimulated by ____ frequency sounds

Answer 40

Low

Question 41

Retrocochlea refers to...

Answer 41

Behind or after the cochlea

Question 42

Auditory nerve fibers are arranged in a ______ fashion

Answer 42

Tonotopic

Question 43

Name the parts of central auditory pathway in order

Answer 43

Cochlea, cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complex, auditory cortex

Question 44

Sounds greater than ____ dB can cause hearing loss over time

Answer 44

85

Question 45

Air conduction testing helps you determine the ____ of hearing loss

Answer 45

Degree (not type)

Question 46

When getting thresholds, it's good to start around _____dB then go up or down from there

Answer 46

50

Question 47

Usually during a screening, patient passes if they hear the tone at ___dB

Answer 47

25

Question 48

What is behavioral audiometry?

Answer 48

Getting some sort of consistent response (eyebrow raise, change in sucking pattern)

Question 49

What is VRA?

Answer 49

Visual reinforcement audiometry. Condition patient to associate a sound with an appealing visual, then present the sound without visual and see if patient looks. Good for kids and developmentally disabled ppl

Question 50

List the degrees of hearing loss

Answer 50

``` -10 to 15: normal (prof uses 20) 16 (20) to 25: slight 26 to 40: mild 41 to 55: moderate 56 to 70: moderately severe 71 to 90: severe 91 and above: profound ```

Question 51

Effects of mild loss on a child and adults

Answer 51

Delays in development Seem to be daydreaming Adults may be depressed and socially isolated

Question 52

Person with a moderate hearing loss may miss out on ___ to ___% of speech

Answer 52

50 to 80

Question 53

Social consequences of moderate loss

Answer 53

May not enjoy large social events or crowded places

Question 54

Problems for person with moderate/severe loss

Answer 54

Miss almost all of a conversation Children- speech delays /difficulty with all area Child unable to hear in classroom setting Adults will be horrible with background noise- need to see speaker's face Should use hearing aids full time

Question 55

Effects of a severe to profound loss

Answer 55

Miss 100% if speech Unaware of conversation No response to loudest environmental sound Speech may be intelligible once amplified