Auditory and Vestibular Disturbances

Question 1

Blood supply to Auditory and Vestibular Apparatus

Answer 1

Labyrinthine artery (anterior inferior cerebellar artery)

Question 2

• Vertigo / dizziness
• Nystagmus
• Unstable gait

Answer 2

Vascular related injury

Question 3

Disturbance of hair cells

Answer 3

• Stereocilia of hair cells
• Can be disturbed or lost
• Can be sheared of the base
• As a result if damaged they will not regenerate if broken

Question 4

Endolymph over secreting or not enough can also cause

Answer 4

Ménière disease

Question 5

physical disturbance in pressure and chemical disturbance by drugs

Answer 5

Ménière disease

Question 6

• Severe vertigo
• Positional nystagmus
• Nausea
• Sensation of fullness or pressure in the ear
• Auditory symptoms: Tinnitus

Answer 6

Ménière disease

Question 7

(ringing in the ears) or ipsilateral sensorineural (loss of hair cells) hearing loss / central hearing loss

Answer 7

Tinnitus

Question 8

2 types of tinnitus

Answer 8

objective & subjective

Question 9

actual sound that can be detected

Answer 9

Objective tinnitus

Question 10

neural disturbance → disruption of system results in ringing and there is no sound be made

Answer 10

Subjective tinnitus

Question 11

tinnitus can be accompanied by what?

Answer 11

hyperacusis

Question 12

decreased sound tolerance, central brainstem damage, or damage to CN 5 -7

Answer 12

hyperacusis

Question 13

the treatment of diuretic and salt restricted diet to reduce hydrops (worst results is a shunt or damaging the nerve hairs cells) is for what?

Answer 13

Ménière disease

Question 14

Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve (tumor of the nerve)

Answer 14

Acoustic Neuroma

Question 15

• Reduction of hearing on one side (monaural deafness)
• Dizziness
• Nasua
• Spatial disorientation

Answer 15

Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 16

hearing loss over loud sounds overtime - disturbance due to ossicles or hair cells

Answer 16

Conductive deafness

Question 17

2 main tests for conductive deafness

Answer 17

Rinne test & Weber test

Question 18

tests air conduction and bone conduction

Answer 18

Rinne test

Question 19

hearing the tuning fork in the air near each ear

Answer 19

Rinne test

Question 20

tests to see if only bone conduction is being used

Answer 20

Weber test

Question 21

the tuning fork is placed on the center of the forehead

Answer 21

Weber test

Question 22

The bone vibrating conducts better on the poor side due to the vibrations

Answer 22

Weber test

Question 23

damage to the nerve or cochlear neural apparatus (loss the ability to process sound)

Answer 23

Sensorineural deafness or central hearing loss

Question 24

• Trauma from high sound
• Inner ear infections
• Ototoxic drug → glycosides
• Age related hearing loss

Answer 24

damage to the neural transduction system

Question 25

damages the hair cells

Answer 25

glycosides

Question 26

age related hearing loss

Answer 26

​​Presbyacusis

Question 27

Loss of hair cells in cochlea

Answer 27

Cochlear Implants

Question 28

treatment for Cochlear Implants

Answer 28

electrode transduction system can be implanted to stimulate the cochlear nerve components directly

Question 29

Middle ear reflex damage –> sensitivity to loud sounds

Answer 29

Hyperacusis

Question 30

damage to secondary auditory cortex affects understanding or interpretation of sounds without affection their detection

Answer 30

Auditory agnosia

Question 31

nonspecific term that generally means spatial disorientation that may or may not involve perceptions of movement

Answer 31

Dizziness / vertigo

Question 32

Perception of body motion

Answer 32

Vertigo

Question 33

2 types of vertigo

Answer 33

1. person is feels like they are spinning
2. person feels like the room is spinning

Question 34

a saccade and requires connections from the cerebral cortex to be intact (and working).

Answer 34

Fast phase

Question 35

slow phase is what?

Answer 35

brainstem mediated response

Question 36

caloric test of vestibular function

Answer 36

warm (40 C) or cold (30 C) water → (convection currents)

Question 37

Brief vertigo episodes in different positions

Answer 37

VPPV

Question 38

Abnormal for them to have displaced crystals (when displaced this cause vertigo)

Answer 38

VPPV