Basal Nuclei & Cerebellum

Question 1

Most volitional motor output arises from where and as what?

Answer 1

cerebral cortex as the corticospinal and corticonuclear tracts

Question 2

what are the 2 primary areas?

Answer 2

1. Supplementary motor cortex
2. Primary motor cortex

Question 3

Associated with the planning of movements

Answer 3

Supplementary motor cortex

Question 4

Associated with the execution of movements

Answer 4

Primary motor cortex

Question 5

Basic motor plan is sent to ___ where it is ____ into the flow of muscle activity

Answer 5

basal nuclei; coded

Question 6

___ then processes the code in the ___for assembly

Answer 6

thalamus; motor cortex

Question 7

Then translated into ___ by selection of the _____ and _____ output circuits to the spinal cord and brainstem

Answer 7

motor activity; corticospinal; corticonuclear

Question 8

name of 2 pathways that the striatum can take?

Answer 8

direct or indirect

Question 9

from the globus pallidus to the thalamus

Answer 9

direct

Question 10

external segment of the globus pallidus to the subthalamic nucleus to get to the thalamus

Answer 10

indirect

Question 11

If we activity the direct pathway we will what?

Answer 11

facility specific movements

Question 12

If we activate the indirect pathway we will what?

Answer 12

inhibit specific movements

Question 13

Excess inhibition of the thalamus can cause reduced movement

Answer 13

hypokinesis

Question 14

Output for both of the pathways is to control

Answer 14

inhibitory influences of the internal segment of the globus pallidus

Question 15

volitional activity

Answer 15

exit from the thalamus

Question 16

exit from the brainstem causes what?

Answer 16

postural control & locomotion patterns

Question 17

processing occurs within ___ hemisphere of the brain so the effects of basal nuclei damage will be shown on the ___

Answer 17

1; corticolateral side

Question 18

flexors of the arm and forearm

Answer 18

rubrospinal tracts

Question 19

what tract causes extension?

Answer 19

reticulospinal tracts

Question 20

control of the vestibular nuclei and the cerebellum

Answer 20

vestibulospinal tracts

Question 21

information about movements is collected from diverse sources

Answer 21

• muscle spindles
• joint receptors
• skin
• lots of vestibular information

Question 22

Cerebellar processing of information is

Answer 22

rapid and complex

Question 23

body muscle spindle and sensory information

Answer 23

spinocerebellar tracts

Question 24

automatic control of balance

Answer 24

vestibulospinal tracts

Question 25

influence on posture

Answer 25

reticulospinal tracts

Question 26

minor role in humans (needed rapid adjustments of posture during movements)

Answer 26

rubrospinal tract

Question 27

• balance and vestibular functions
• some influence on eye movements

Answer 27

Flocculonodular lobe ( vestibulocerebellum)

Question 28

• posture and proximal (axial) body
• some eye movements

Answer 28

Vermis and paravermal regions (spinocerebellum)

Question 29

• Movements of the limbs
• primarily the arms

Answer 29

Lateral cerebellar hemispheres (cerebrocerebellum / pontocerebellum)

Question 30

Output is the medial and lateral vestibulospinal tracts, medial reticulospinal tracts, and medial corticospinal tract

Answer 30

Vermis and paravermal regions (spinocerebellum)

Question 31

Lateral cerebellar hemispheres (cerebrocerebellum / pontocerebellum) have what tract output?

Answer 31

the corticospinal and corticonuclear tracts