australia

Question 1

What year was Australia first sighted by European explorers?

Answer 1

1606

This sighting was made by explorers who saw Cape York.

Question 2

What name was given to Australia by the Dutch?

Answer 2

New Holland

This name was used for the land that was not settled.

Question 3

Who explored and mapped the entire east coast of Australia in 1770?

Answer 3

Captain James Cook

Question 4

What was Captain James Cook’s role in the Royal Navy?

Answer 4

He joined in 1755 and served during the Seven Years’ War.

Question 5

What significant geographical feature did Cook and his crew visit during their exploration?

Answer 5

Botany Bay

Question 6

When did Cook and his crew first land on the Australian continent?

Answer 6

29th April

Question 7

What was the main reason for establishing the first penal colony in Australia?

Answer 7

To alleviate overcrowding in British prisons.

Question 8

What was the duration of Cook’s circumnavigation of the globe?

Answer 8

1768-1771

Question 9

What was the Bloody Code?

Answer 9

A legal framework in Britain where 200 crimes could result in death.

Question 10

How many convicts were landed in the first settlement?

Answer 10

775 convicts

Question 11

Who was the first governor of the penal colony in Australia?

Answer 11

Governor Arthur Phillip

Question 12

What were some of the challenges faced by the first settlers in Australia?

Answer 12

• All livestock eaten or disappeared within 6 months
• Thin soil did not yield sufficient crops
• Difficulty in erecting buildings

Question 13

What was the intended timeframe for the new colony to become self-sufficient?

Answer 13

4 years

Question 14

Why did the colony survive despite challenges?

Answer 14

• Effective planning by Governor Phillip
• Establishment of Norfolk Island for better resource distribution

Question 15

What significant event occurred with HMS Sirius on 19 March 1790?

Answer 15

It was wrecked on a reef at Norfolk Island.

Question 16

Who was Woollarawarre Bennelong?

Answer 16

An Aboriginal man kidnapped to establish relations with the British settlers.

Question 17

What epidemic affected the Port Jackson Aboriginal tribes in April 1789?

Answer 17

Smallpox

Question 18

Who was Pemulwuy?

Answer 18

The first Aboriginal resistance fighter against British settlers.

Question 19

What was the outcome of the mutiny on the Bounty?

Answer 19

• Bligh was acquitted and promoted
• Mutineers were captured by HMS Pandora

Question 20

What was the fate of the HMS Pandora?

Answer 20

It ran aground on the Great Barrier Reef.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The first penal colony in Australia was established at _______.

Answer 21

Botany Bay

Question 22

True or False: Prostitution was considered a crime at the time of the first settlement.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

What was Governor Phillip’s mission for the penal colony?

Answer 23

• Ensure subsistence
• Build shelter
• Command marines
• Foster good relations with Aborigines

Question 24

What led to deteriorating relationships between the settlers and the Aboriginal people?

Answer 24

Kidnapping of Bennelong and subsequent violent confrontations.

Question 25

What event marked the beginning of the Rum Rebellion?

Answer 25

26th January 1808

Question 26

Who was Bligh, and what notable event was he involved in?

Answer 26

He was present at Cook's death and later commanded the Bounty.

Question 27

What did the Bounty aim to transport from Tahiti to the British colonies?

Answer 27

Breadfruit plants

Question 28

When did Pandora arrive at Tahiti?

Answer 28

23 March 1791

Question 29

What happened to the 14 surviving bounty men after Pandora's arrival?

Answer 29

They either surrendered or were captured

Question 30

What was the fate of the men in 'Pandora's box'?

Answer 30

Four of them drowned

Question 31

How many survivors were sentenced to death by hanging after the court martial?

Answer 31

6 out of 10 survivors

Question 32

What was Bligh criticized for?

Answer 32

His part in causing the mutiny

Question 33

What happened to Bligh after the mutiny?

Answer 33

He was put on half pay for 19 months and ostracised by his peers

Question 34

What led to the Nore mutiny in 1797?

Answer 34

Issues of pay and involuntary service for common seamen

Question 35

Was Bligh directly responsible for the Nore mutiny?

Answer 35

No, the mutinies were widespread and involved many English ships

Question 36

What significant action did Bligh take during the Battle of Camperdown?

Answer 36

He engaged three Franco-Dutch vessels and captured Vrijheid

Question 37

Who praised Bligh after the Battle of Camperdown?

Answer 37

Nelson

Question 38

What did Bligh do in 1805 that led to his court-martial?

Answer 38

He used bad language to his officers

Question 39

Who did Bligh succeed as governor of New South Wales?

Answer 39

Philip Gidley King

Question 40

Why was Bligh selected as governor?

Answer 40

His reputation as a 'hard man' and his role in suppressing the mutiny

Question 41

What conflict arose between Bligh and Captain Joseph Short?

Answer 41

Short fired across Bligh's bow to force obedience

Question 42

What was one of Bligh's first actions upon arriving in Sydney?

Answer 42

To provide relief to farmers affected by flooding

Question 43

What did the Emancipists accuse Macarthur of?

Answer 43

Withholding sheep to raise the price of mutton

Question 44

What was Bligh's policy regarding trading conditions in the colony?

Answer 44

Prohibiting the use of spirits as payment for commodities

Question 45

What was the main currency during the Rum Years?

Answer 45

Rum (alcohol)

Question 46

How did the New South Wales Corps undermine governors?

Answer 46

By writing to London as retired members of the corps

Question 47

What significant role did the New South Wales Corps play in the colony?

Answer 47

They grew the initial wool industry and expected support as Exclusives

Question 48

What was the main reason for the Rum Rebellion of 1808?

Answer 48

Mutinies against Governor Bligh