Autistic Spectrum Behaviours Flashcards
(22 cards)
Name the two biological explanations of ASD
Genetic predisposition and Amygdala dysfunction
Name a researcher who conducted a family study and what did they find?
Szatmari, concordance rate for siblings = 20%
What concordance rates for twins did Ritvo find?
MZ = 96%, DZ = 23%
What concordance rate for twins did Wendy Chung find?
MZ twins = 77%, DZ twins = 31%
Name the two types of families with ASD
Simplex families, multiplex families
What did Nordhal find?
Increased amygdala volume in children at 2 years by 6-9%
Who made the eyes task?
Baron-Cohen
What is the amygdala responsible for?
Social connectedness, gaze, joint attention, understanding facial expressions, understanding personal space and knowing who to trust
Name the two social psychological explanations of ASD
Empathising-systemising theory and refrigerator mother
Who developed the refrigerator mother theory and when?
Kanner, 1940s
Who is Bettlheim and what did he say about the relationship between mother and child?
Leading authority on child development, mother was cold and detatched, deprivation experienced is similar to the deprivation experienced by those in concentration camps
Name the two individual differences explanations of ASD
Weak Central Coherence and Theory of Mind
What form of processing do those with ASD favour?
Local processing
Who developed the empathising-systemising theory
Baron-Cohen
Name the two methods of modifying ASD
Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) and Relationship Development Intervention (RDI)
What does PECS stand for?
Picture Exchange Communication System
Who developed PECS?
Bondy and Frost
Who is PECS used with?
Those with autism who are non-verbal or have limited speech
What is the main aim of PECS?
To improve functional communication
What approach is PECS based on and why?
Uses behaviourist principles, positive reinforcement through reward of the item
What happens before the 6 steps of PECS and what is the aim of this?
Pre-programme preparation = the reinforcer assessment to figure out what the child likes and what is rewarding for the child
Name the 6 steps of PECS
Initiating communication, expanding the use of pictures, choosing the message within PECS, introducing sentence structure within PECS, teaching answering simple questions, teaching commenting
