Autoimmune disorders Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is the prevalence of autoimmune disorders in the USA?
~ 1%
Self-reactive t-cells undergo apoptosis in a process known as what?
Negative selection
- Part of T-cell education
When will T-cells become anergic - through which process?
When it does not receive a second signal
What type(s) of hypersensitivity reaction is SLE?
- Type II (cytotoxic)
- Type III (antigen-antibody complex)
What are the classic features of SLE?
- Fever
- Weight loss
- Malar ‘butterfly’ rash, especially on exposure to sunlight
- Arthritis
- Pleuritis, pericarditis, endocarditis
- CNS psychosis
- Renal damage
- Anemia, thrombocytopenia or leukopenia
What renal damage is the most common injury in SLE?
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (nephritic syndrome)
What is unique about Libman-Sacks endocarditis?
Vegetations on both sides of heart valve
- Not infectious - inflammatory reaction to deposition of antiG-antiB complexes
How can those with SLE become susceptible to infection?
Antibodies destroy WBCs
What are the 2 main antibodies which cause SLE?
- ANA is sensitive
- Anti-dsDNA is specific
What is the characteristic antiB in drug induced lupus?
Antihistone antibody
What drugs can cause drug-induced lupus?
- Hydralazine
- Procainamide
- Isoniazid
- Methyldopa
- Minocycline
- Phenytoin
- Sulfa drugs
- Etanercept
How would SLE with anti-histone antiBs usually be treated?
Removal of drug
What is anti-phospholipid syndrome due to (what antiBs)?
Autoantibodies against proteins bound to phospholipids
- Anticardiolipin
- Lupus anticoagulant
What percentgae of those with SLE will develop antiphospholipid syndromw?
~ 30%
What antiB can give a false-positive syphilis test in SLE?
Anticardiolipin
What 2 la studies can not be interperted correctly (give false +ves) in antiphospholipid syndrome?
- False positive syphilis test
- Falsely-elevated PTT lab studies
What types of thrombus cab those with anti-phospholipid get?
- DVT
- Budd-chiari
- Placental thrombosis - pregnancy loss
- Stroke
What is budd-chiari syndrome most commonly seen with?
Polycythemia vera
What is Sjogren syndrome a autoimmune destruction of?
Lacrimal and salivary glands
What type of HS reaction is Sjorgen syndrome due to?
Type IV - lymphocyte mediated damage with fibrosis
What is the classic presentation of Sjorgen syndrome?
- Dry eyes
- Dry mouth
- Recurrent dental carries in older woman
What antibodies are associated with Sjorgen syndrome?
What are they called and what do they target?
ANA and anti-ribonucleoprotein antibodies
- Anti-SS-A and anti-SS-B
What is Sjorgen syndrome most commonly associated with?
RA
What cancer are those with Sjorgen syndrome at incrased risk of?
B-cell lymphoma
