Autoimmune Disorders Flashcards
(109 cards)
Diseases in which immune responses target self-antigens, leading to organ and tissue damage.
Autoimmune diseases
The two primary immune mechanisms involved in autoimmune diseases.
T cell-mediated immune responses and autoantibodies
The immune system’s ability to avoid attacking its own tissues.
Self-tolerance
The location where central tolerance occurs.
Primary lymphoid organs (thymus for T cells and bone marrow for B cells)
The elimination of self-reactive T cells during development.
Negative selection
The modification of self-reactive B cell receptors to prevent autoimmunity.
Receptor editing
A state of unresponsiveness in weakly self-reactive B or T cells.
Anergy
The immune cells that suppress immune responses to prevent autoimmunity.
Regulatory T cells
The three key mechanisms involved in peripheral tolerance.
Anergy, inhibition by regulatory T cells, and apoptosis
The main factors that contribute to autoimmune diseases.
Genetics, environmental factors, and immune regulation defects
Certain genes increase susceptibility to this group of diseases.
Autoimmune diseases
Infections, toxins, and dietary components that can trigger autoimmunity.
Environmental factors
The process in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues.
Immune regulation defects
The theory that suggests autoimmunity arises due to mutations creating altered lymphocyte clones.
Forbidden Clone Theory
The theory that states self-antigens become foreign due to physical, chemical, or biological changes.
Altered Antigen Theory
The theory in which trauma or infection exposes hidden antigens, triggering an immune response.
Sequestered Antigen Theory
The theory that suggests autoimmunity results from defects or deficiencies in immune regulation.
Immunologic Deficiency Theory
The theory that explains how foreign antigens share epitopes with self-antigens, leading to immune cross-reactivity.
Cross-Reactive Antigen Theory
A chronic autoimmune disease of unknown origin that primarily manifests as vasculitis and can affect various organs and tissues.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) markers associated with SLE.
HLA-A1, HLA-B8, and HLA-DR3
The hallmark autoantibodies of SLE.
Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA)
The demographic group primarily affected by SLE.
Women, with a strong hereditary tendency
A red rash across the nose and upper cheeks commonly seen in SLE.
Butterfly rash
The most common cause of morbidity and mortality in SLE.
Nephritis (diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis)
