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Immunology CCMLS > autoimmunity > Flashcards

autoimmunity Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

A cold agglutinin titer end point is 1:16 after incubating overnight in the refrigerator and remains 1:16 after warming. The best course of action is to

A

report the titer as negative
test for antibody specificity

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2
Q

A false-negative cold agglutinin test may result if:

A

the specimen is refrigerated prior to serum separation

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3
Q

How should blood collected for a cold agglutinin determination BEST be treated before serum is separated for testing?

A

allow to clot at 37C

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4
Q

An example of a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction is:
a. allergic rhinitis
b. autoimmune hemolytic anemia
c. systemic lupus erythematosis
d. contact dermatitis

A

d. contact dermatitis

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5
Q

In the radial
immunodiffusion
(RID) procedure, which of the following pairs describe the locations of the reactants? a. antigen in the well, antibody in the agar
b. antibody in the well, antigen in the agar
c. antigen and antibody in individual wells
d. antigen in he well, antibody in the trough

A

a. antigen in the well, antibody in the agar

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6
Q

Antibodies to nDNA in the diagnosis of systemic lupus may be detected utilizing the protozoan Crithidia luciliae. The portion of the organism which will fluorescein a positive test is the

A

Kinetoplast
Nucleus

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7
Q

A peripheral patter in an antinuclear antibody (ANA) test is MOST characteristic of which disease listed?
a. Active systemic lupus erythematosus
b. Sjogren syndrome
c. Progressive systemic sclerosis
d. Scleroderma

A

a. Active systemic lupus erythematosus

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8
Q

Which
immunoglobulin
is associated with allergic reactions?

A

IgE

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9
Q

A patient has the following test results:
ANA = Positive 1:320
RA = Positive
Complement = Increased
ASO = 50 Todd Units
The above results would be seen in patients with:

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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10
Q

A child has severe hay fever. A total IgE measurement was performed by the Ouchterlony
immunodiffusion method. No lines ofprecipitation appeared on the
immunodiffusion
plate. The most likely explanation is:

A

IgE is too low in concentration to be detected by this method

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11
Q

In systemic lupus
erythematosus
, high levels of which of the following antibodies are seen?

A

anti-DNA

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12
Q

Immediate Hypersensitivity

A

Type I Hypersensitivity

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13
Q

Allergy

A

Type I Hypersensitivity

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14
Q

Rheumatic Fever

A

Type III Hypersensitivity

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15
Q

Delayed Hypersensitivity

A

Type IV Hypersensitivity

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16
Q

Poison Ivy

A

Type IV Hypersensitivity

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17
Q

Innocent Bystander Destruction of Tissue

A

Type III Hypersensitivity

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18
Q

Host Rejection of Transplant Organs

A

Type IV Hypersensitivity

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19
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Type III Hypersensitivity

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20
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Type III Hypersensitivity

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21
Q

Antigen-Antibody Complexes

A

Type III Hypersensitivity

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22
Q

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

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A

Type II Hypersensitivity

23
Q

Thrombocytopenia purpura

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A

Type II Hypersensitivity

24
Q

Which of the
immunoglobulins
is present in the highest concentration in normal human serum?

25
Which of the following best described the slide agglutination test for rheumatoid factor?
it detects IgM autoantibodies made against the patient's own IgG
26
Cold agglutinins often occur in which disease state(s) and have what specificity?
primary atypical pneumonia, Anti-I infectious mononucleosis, Anti-i
27
In the direct fluorescent antinuclear antibody test, a speckled pattern, especially with symptoms of SLE, may indicate the presence of antibody to:
RNP
28
The result of an antinuclear antibody test was a titer of 1:320 with a peripheral pattern. Which of the following sets of results bestcorrelates with these results? a. anti-dsDNA titer 1:160, and a high titer of antibodies to Sm b. anti-mitochondrial antibody titer 1:160, and antibodies to Sm c. anti-r-6s RNP, and antibodies to single stranded DNA d. high titers of anti-ssDNA and anti-centromere
a. anti-dsDNA titer 1:160, and a high titer of antibodies to Sm
29
What type of antibodies are represented by the peripheral or rim pattern of immunofluorescence in tests for antinuclear antibody?
Anti-dsDNA antibodies
30
What type of antibodies are represented by the solid or homogeneous pattern in the immunofluorescence test for antinuclear antibody?
Anti-histone antibodies
31
In chronic active hepatitis, high titers of which of the following antibodies are seen?
Anti-smooth muscle
32
What antibodies are represented by the nucleolar pattern in the immunofluorescence test for antinuclear antibody?
Anti-RNA antibodies
33
Detection of which of the following substances is most useful in monitoring the course of a patient with testicular cancer?
Alpha feto-protein
34
factors influencing autoimmunity
genetic: familial propensity women>men increased in HLA types Increased w/ age
35
classification of autoimmunity: organ specific examples
endocrine disorders (Hashimotos, Graves) pernicious anemia myasthenia gravis
36
classification of autoimmuntiy: non organ specific examples
lupus scleroderma
37
rheumatoid arthritis
idiopathic genetic predisposition 1-2% incidence worldwide 30-50 yo female>male all ages/races
38
immunologic manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis
inciting event rheumatoid factor formed: IgM against patients own IgG (Fe fragment) heterogeneous grp of immune cmplxs formed in serum and joint fluid
39
testing for rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid factor: latex agglutination (latex bead coated w/ IgG RF present= agglutination Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA): fluorescent technique
40
systemic lupus erythematosus
idiopathic autoantibodies against basement membranes in vascular system hormonal influence (females btwn puberty and menopause) african americans and native americans higher incidence
41
drug induced systemic lupus erythematosus
birth control pills, procainamide
42
symptoms of systemic lupus erythmatosus
inflamm photosensitivity and facial rash diffuse arthritis renal, cardiac, respiratory, CNS involvement poly arthritis and skin rash most common
43
testing for systemic lupus erythmatosus
LE prep (LE cell) ANA (only nucleus reacts w/ auto Ab
44
scleroderma
rare autoimmune disease affecting blood vessels and connective tissues fibrous degeneration of conn. tiss. of skin and internal organs "progressive scleroderma" CREST variant
45
Sjorgren's
autoimmune disorder assoc. w/ deficient moisture prod. of mouth, eyes, mucous membranes
46
cold agglutinin testing
cold auto Ab anti-i specificity (all adult O cells have anti-I on RBC anti-i only as newborn) produced in adults during 1* atypical pneumonia (like Mycoplasma pneumonia) test lacks sentivity
47
procedure of cold agglutinin test
draw serum keep warm (37*C) until serum separated from cells (to prevent false -) make serial dilutions add grp O washed cells incubate overnight look for aggluntination and read titer
48
precipitation reactions: radial immunodiffusion
gel contains Ab sample diffuses away from sample well protein Ag or immunoglobulin ppt at zone of equivalence
49
ppt rxns: Mancini RID endpoint method
take Z of E to exact endpoint readings stable at this point plot the diameter squared on regular graph paper
50
ppt rxns: Fahey RKID timed diffusion method
read at pre-determined time (18 hrs) reading unstable unless endpoint is reached use semi-log paper and plot the ring diameter against [ ]
51
ppt rxns: Ouchterlony immunodiffusion
Ab loaded in center well Ag being tested loaded in outer wells arcs of ppt. are formed: complete identify- boomerang pattern partial identify pattern non identify pattern
52
ppt. rxns: Rocket electrophoresis
similar to RID standards and patients in wells along on end of gel electrical current applied across gel forming a rocket pattern at zone of equivalence
53
ppt. rxns: immunoelectrophoresis
patient serum added to wells and fractions separated similar to electrophoresis after separation antiserum added to each trough and allowed to diffuse overnight ppt arcs are formed to [ ] of antisera added

Immunology CCMLS (12 decks)

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