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Immunology CCMLS > hypersensitivity > Flashcards

hypersensitivity Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q

hypersensitivity definition

A

inappropriate and excessive response of the immune system

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2
Q

types of hypersensitivity

A

I: anaphylactic or immediate
II: cytotoxic rxn
III: immune complex rxn
IV: cell mediated or delayed

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3
Q

type I hypersensitivity examples

A

allergens
bee sting
anaphylactic shock
selective IgA deficiency
drug sensitivity

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4
Q

Ig mediation of type I hypersensitivity

A

IgE

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5
Q

cell receptors of type I hypersensitivity

A

mast cells
basophils

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6
Q

chemical mediators of type I hypersensitivity

A

histamine
other vascoactive amines

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7
Q

clinical course of type I hypersensitivity

A

exposure to allergen or antigen
B lymph activated to prod IgE Ab
IgE attaches to mast cells/basophils
basophils release granules

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8
Q

immunologic response of type I hypersensitivity

A

re-exposure= response in mins
mast cells release vasoactive cmpds
vasodilation, mucus secretion, edema, bronchospasms

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9
Q

vasoactive compounds from granules in mast cells contain

A

from granules: histamine, heparin, proteases

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10
Q

vasoactive compounds from membrane of mast cells contain

A

from membrane: leukotrienes, prostaglandins, soluble cytokines

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11
Q

symptoms of type I hypersensitivity

A

itching
hay fever
asthma
eczema
urticaria (hives)

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12
Q

testing for type I hypersensitivity

A

total IgE levels
RAST testing

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13
Q

RIST testing for type I hypersensitivity

A

radioimmunosorbent immunoassay
competitive binding
double Ab technique
correlates w/ increased eosinophil count

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14
Q

RAST testing for type I hypersensitivity

A

radioallergosorbent test
disks w/ specific allergen
allergen panel varies
direct double Ab

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15
Q

common antigens tested for type I reactions

A

pollen
food
drugs
insect products
animal hair

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16
Q

in vivo skin testing for type I hypersensitivity

A

scratch test
allergen placed on skin and punctured
if IgE Ab to allergen hive will appear w/in 15 mins

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17
Q

type I hypersensitivity summary

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A

too much IgE
binds to mast and basophils
upon re-exposure of the immunogen, mast and basos release histamine and other factors

18
Q

Ig mediation in type II hypersensitivity

19
Q

type II hypersensitivity examples

Study These Flashcards
A

Rh autoimmunehemolytic anemia
Thrombocytopenia purpura
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
hemolytic disease of the newborn
transfusion rxns
Graves disease

20
Q

cells involved in type II hypersensitivity

21
Q

chemical mediators of type II hypersensitivity

Study These Flashcards
A

complement cascase leading to cell lysis and destruction

22
Q

clinical course of type II hypersensitivity

Study These Flashcards
A

cell damage from Ag-Ab rxns
signs and symptoms specific to etiology

23
Q

transfusion rxn (type II hypersensitivity)

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A

ABO incompatability
intravascular hemolytic transfusion rxn
IgM anti-A and IgM anti-B coat RBCs
C’ bind to RBCs
lysis occurs intravascularly

24
Q

hemolytic disease of the newborn (type II hypersensitivity)

Study These Flashcards
A

mother’s IgG Ab cross placenta
rx w/ Ag on baby’s RBCs
RBCs bind C’
cells are destroyed by baby’s RES (extracellular hemolysis)
causes in utero hemolysis and anemia

25
type II hypersensitivity summary
Ab formed against self Ab usually IgG maybe IgM Ab binds to body cells (RBC, WBC, Plt) C' activated makes cells either sensitive to removal by RES or susceptible to decreased fx due to blockage of fx sites by Ab
26
type III hypersensitivity examples
glomerulonephritis rheumatoid arthritis Arthus Rxn systemic lupus erythematosus rheumatic fever
27
type III hypersensitivity Ig mediation
IgG or IgM
28
cells involved in type III hypersensitivity
host tissue cells
29
chemical mediators in type III hypersensitivity
C' immune complexes
30
clinical course of type III hypersensitivity
formation of immune cmplxs in normal host fx (facilitates clearance of foreign Ag and invading organ. by phagocytosis) complications: Innocent bystander process (cells in the immediate area of cmplxs r destroyed by phagocytes
31
acute glomerulonephritis (type III hypersensitivity)
Ag-Ab cmplx soluble cmplx lodges in tissues w/ large filtration area
32
Arthus reaction (type III hypersensitivity)
Ab rx w/ Ag injected into interstitial fluid (2nd time rxn)
33
Rhematic fever (type III hypersensitivity)
Ab rx w/ Ag on cell surfaces
34
type III hypersensitivity summary
immune cmplxs form in blood after exposure to foreign Ag or in response to self determinants cmplxs trapped as they pass thru basement mem. of blood vessels/ glomerulus of kidney trapped cmplxs activate C' phagocytic cells migrate to area and damage tissue "innocent by stander" destruction
35
type IV hypersensitivity examples
contact sensitivity: poision ivy, allergic rxns graft vs host disease immunity to viral/fungal Ag imminity to intracellular organ. elimination of tumor cells bearing neoantigens formation of chronic granulomas (syphilis) TB skin test Hashimoto's thyroditis
36
graft vs host disease (type IV hypersensitivity)
immunologically competent lymphs are transfused from donor to recipient recipient is incapable of rejecting lymps grafted lymphs recognize Ag of the host as foreign and rx against them may cause uncontrolled destruction of host cells
37
Ig mediation of type IV hypersensitivity
none- T cell mediated
38
cells involved in type IV hypersensitivity
host tissue cells
39
chemical mediators of type IV hypersensitivity
lymphokines
40
clinical course of type IV hypersensitivity
mediated by T lymphs and phagocytic cells Ag sensitized T cell release lymphokines lymphokines attract macrophages to site of inflamm inflamm rxn and tissue damage
41
type IV hypersensitivity summary
caused by abnorm. in normal T cell mech T cells inappropriate response to self or over enthusiastic response to foreign Ag T cells attract macrophages which destroy foreign and normal cells

Immunology CCMLS (12 decks)

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