Autonomic Control of the Urinary Bladder

Question 1

What in the urinary bladder has parasympathetic innervation?

Answer 1

the detrusor muscle

Question 2

What in the urinary bladder has sympathetic innervation?

Answer 2

the detrusor muscle, internal sphincter, and parasympathetic ganglia

Question 3

What in the urinary bladder has somatic innervation?

Answer 3

external urethral sphincter

Question 4

What does parasympathetic innervation do in the body of the bladder?

Answer 4

contraction of the bladder via muscarinic (M3) acetylcholine receptors

Question 5

What does sympathetic innervation do in the base of the urinary bladder?

Answer 5

it stimulates contraction via alpha 1 adrenergic receptors

Question 6

What does sympathetic innervation to the body of the bladder do?

Answer 6

it relaxes the bladder via beta adrenergic agonists

Question 7

During bladder filling, does sympathetic or parasympathetic innervation predominate?

Answer 7

sympathetic

Question 8

During bladder filling what does sympathetic innervation do to the internal sphincter?

Answer 8

contracts it via stimulation of alpha 1 adrenergic receptors

Question 9

During bladder filling, what does sympathetic innervation do to the base of the bladder?

Answer 9

contraction via stimulation of alpha adrenergic receptors

Question 10

During bladder filling, what does sympathetic innervation do to the body of the bladder?

Answer 10

relaxation via stimulation of beta 2 and 3 adrenergic receptors

Question 11

During bladder filling, what happens with parasympathetic activity?

Answer 11

outflow from the CNS to the bladder is minimal and the parasympathetic ganglia are inhibited by sympathetic neurons

Question 12

During micturition (bladder emptying), does sympathetic or parasympathetic innervation predominate?

Answer 12

parasympathetic

Question 13

During micturition, what does parasympathetic innervation to the body of the bladder do?

Answer 13

contraction via stimulation of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

Question 14

During micturition, what does parasympathetic innervation to the external sphincter of the bladder do?

Answer 14

relaxes it because there is no stimulation to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Question 15

What are the common causes of urinary incontinence?

Answer 15

hormonal deficiencies, neurological dysfunction, ectopic ureters, and obstructions

Question 16

What is urinary incontinence?

Answer 16

when the patient either has no control over urination or they do not know that they are urinating

Question 17

What is the most common cause of urinary incontinence?

Answer 17

hormone responsive urinary incontinence

Question 18

What drugs are used to treat hormone responsive urinary incontinence?

Answer 18

oral diethylstilbestrol and phenylpropanolamine

Question 19

What is phenylpropanolamine?

Answer 19

an alpha agonist that is used to increase internal sphincter tone

Question 20

What are the negative side effects of phenylpropanolamine?

Answer 20

there is an increased risk of stroke

Question 21

What is oxybutynin?

Answer 21

a muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist that reduces bladder contractility

Question 22

What is a negative effect of oxybutynin?

Answer 22

dry mouth due to the M3 receptors being blocked