Autonomic Nervous System

Question 0

Alpha 2

Answer 0

Ag: E>=ne>iso; clonidine
Antag: yohimbine
E: presynaptic inibitory, dec ne release, decrease insulin release, platelet aggregation

Question 1

Alpha 1

Answer 1

Ag: e>=ne»iso; phenylephrine
Antag:prazosin
Effect: arteriole contraction,Gut muscle contraction, liver glycogenolysis, inc contractile force

Question 2

Beta1

Answer 2

Ag: Iso>Epi=NE: Dobutamine
Antag: Metoprolol
Effect: inc force of contractions; inc HR; inc AV conduction velocity; JG cells: inc renin secretion

Question 3

Beta 2

Answer 3

Ag: Iso>Epi=NE: Terbutaline
Antag: ICI 118551
Effect: bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
Vasodilation
Liver: glycogenolysis; gluconeogenesis

Question 4

Beta 3

Answer 4

Ag: Iso=NE >Epi; BRL 37344
Antag: ICI 118551; CGP 20712A
Effect: Adipose: lipolysis

Question 5

NICOTINIC RECEPTORS

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 5

Ag: Phenyltrimethyl-ammonium
Nicotine
Antag: Tubocurarine alpha neurotoxin
Effect: skeletal muscle contraction

Question 6

Neuronal (peripheral)

Answer 6

Ag: Dimethylphenyl-piperazinium; Epibatidine; Nicotine
Antag: Trimethaphan
Effect: depolarization and firing of postganglionic neuron (autonomic ganglia); secretion of catecholamine (medulla)

Question 7

Neuronal (CNS)

Answer 7

Ag: Nicotine; Cytisine; Epibatidine
Antag: -
Effect: -

Question 8

MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS

M1

Answer 8

Ag: Oxotremorine
Antag: Atropine; Pirenzepine;
Effect: depolarization

Question 9

M2

Answer 9

Ag: -
Antag: Atropine; Tripitramine
Effect: SA Node: dec HR
AV Node: dec conduction

Question 10

M3

Answer 10

Ag: -
Antag: Atropine; Darifenacin
Effect: vasodilatation
secretory gland: inc secretion

Question 11

M4

Answer 11

Ag: -
Antag: atropine
Effect: -

Question 12

M5

Answer 12

Ag: -
Antag: -
Effect: -

Question 13

SYNAPTIC NEUROTRANSMITTER

EXCITATORY

Answer 13

Acetylcholine
Glutamate
Aspartate
Epinephrine; NE; Dopamine

Question 14

SYNAPTIC NEUROTRANSMITTER

INHIBITORY

Answer 14

GABA
Glycine
Acetylcholine
Epinephrine; NE; Dopamine

Question 15

Dobutamine

Answer 15

Beta 1 selective agonist
Inc HR, contractility
U: cardiac decompensation, heart failure, inc CO w/o tachy, short term
Toxicity: HPN, Arrhythmia

Question 16

Propanolo and Metoprolol

Answer 16

Beta 1 blocker
Dec HR, contractility
Treatment for hypertension (HPN), tachycardia

Question 17

Beta 2 selective agonists

Answer 17

Relax
U: bronchial asthma because less tachy, Preterm labor
T: skeletal muscle tremor; tachycardia
Drugs: metaproterenol; terbutaline; salbutamol (ventolin); salmeterol;

Question 18

Alpha1 selective agonists

Answer 18

Vasoconstriction; inc PVR
Inc BP
U: hypotension; shock; nasal decongestant
Drugs: methoxamine; phenylephrine(b at higher dose); mephentemine; metaraminol
T: HTN, headache

Question 19

Alpha 2 selective agonists

Answer 19

Lowers BP- activation of presynaptic receptors, suppresses outflow
U: HPN and muscle spasm (Tizanidine)
Drugs: Clonidine (catapres); methyldopa (aldomet);
T: dry mouth, sedation, sexual dysfunction, marked brady

Question 20

Alpha 1 selective antagonist

Answer 20

Prazosin
U: HPN; BPH ( benign prostatic hyperplasia); congestive heart failure; vasospasm
T: postural HPoN, first dose, headache, dizziness, syncope
Tamsulosin: similar to Prazosin

Question 21

Beta adrenergic antagonists

Answer 21

Beta blockers; structurally similar to beta agonists
Dec HR; dec myocardial contractility
U: HPN; angina; ventricular arrhythmias(BEAAM); tachycardia; prophylaxis of migraine; acute panic syndrome; glaucoma
T: CHF, bradyarryhythmias, cold extrem, hypertriglyceridimia
Examples: carvedilol; propanolol; metoprolol;

Question 22

Mixed alpha and beta antag

Answer 22

Labetalol and carvedilol, and bucindolol

U: HPN

Question 23

New beta antag

Answer 23

Bisoprolol (zebeta, concor)

Nebivolol (bystolic)

Question 24

Alkalosis Acidosis

Answer 24

Increase excitability Progressive depression of neuronal activity- coma

Question 25

Drugs that inc threshold That decrease threshold

Answer 25

Hypnotics, tranquilizers, anesthetics Caffeine. Benzedrine. Nicotine

Question 26

Blocks action potential propagation

Answer 26

Local anesthethics, tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin(poisons) By blocking sodium channel, blocking conduction

Question 27

Ganglionic blockade

Answer 27

Adrenergic and cholinergic- hexamethonium Sympa- vasoconstriction, inc bp, orthostatic, severe- hypotension Parasympa- inc gi motility and salivation, block- constipation, urinary retention, dry mouth

Question 28

Inhibitor of nt synthesis

Answer 28

Adrenerg- methyl tyrosine, carbidopa--dec epineph | Cholinergic- hemicholinium-- do not produce real ach

Question 29

Inhibitor of nt release

Answer 29

Adre- bretylium(inhibit epi release), guanethedine | Choliner- botulinium

Question 30

Facilitation of nt release

Answer 30

Adre- amphetamine(epi release), tyramine(subs of ne), ssra Choli- latrotoxin(black widow spider)

Question 31

Mao inhibitors

Answer 31

Moclobemide, phenelzine Inc levels of monoamine Contraindicated in pt who eat cheese, wine, choco since ne will inc

Question 32

Ssra

Answer 32

Apetite suppressant, anti depressant and anxiety Chlorphentamine, ddexfenfluramine, fenfluramine(also causes pulmonary hypertension kaya tinanggal), cloforex Tinira ang phentermine

Question 33

Dpletion of vesicular nt storage

Answer 33

Adre- reserpine | Cholinergic- vesamicol

Question 34

Blockade of nt reuptake

Answer 34

Adre- cocaine(blocks epi reup, hypertension), desipramine(tricyclic anti depress), ssri(fluoxetine) Produces dysphoria, eusophoria, also hypertensive crisis

Question 35

Non selective sympa reuptake inhib

Answer 35

SNRI- major depression and mood disorder, adhd, ocd Venlafaxine, duloxetine, sibutramine, bicifadine SNDRI- bicifadine, tesofensine NDRI- bupropion(smoking cessation), amineptine

Question 36

Sibutramine

Answer 36

Otc drug affect ne and serotonin C/i- cerebrovascular disorders, mental illness With epileptic fits or seizures

Question 37

Selective reuptake inhibitor- ssri

Answer 37

Fluoxetine, citalopram, paroxetine, sertraline NRI- viloxazine

Question 38

Inhibitor of nt metab

Answer 38

Adrenergic- moclobemide, pargyline, selegiline, tolcapone | Choli- neostigmine, physostigmine