autonomic nervous system

Question 1

3 divisions of ANS

Answer 1

• sympathic
• parasympathic
• enteric

Question 2

2 pathways along which output from the CNS travels

Answer 2

• somatic motor neurons (innervate striated skeletel muscle)
• autonomic motor neurons (innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, secretory
  epithelia and glands)

Question 3

which division of the ANS will have an increased output when dealing with stress, anxiety, physical activity, fear of excitement

Answer 3

the sympathetic division

Question 4

wich division of the ANS will have an increased output when doing a sendentary activity, eating of with other ‘vegetative’ behaviour

Answer 4

the parasympathetic division

Question 5

where do the preganglionic neurons lay

Answer 5

in columns of cells in the brainstem and the spinal cord

Question 6

what do the preganglionic neurons make synapses with

Answer 6

postganglionic neurons in peripheral ganglia

Question 7

the enteric division of the ANS is a collection of what

Answer 7

afferent neurons, interneurons and motor neurons

Question 8

what do the collection of neurons from the enteric division form

Answer 8

networks of neurons called plexuses

Question 9

what do plexuses surround

Answer 9

the gastrointestinal (GI) tract

Question 10

what is the enteric division normally controlled by

Answer 10

the CNS through sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

Question 11

what spinal segments do sympathetic preganglionic neurons originate from

Answer 11

T1 to L3

Question 12

where do the autonomic neurons between levels T1 and L3 lie

Answer 12

in the intermediolateral cell column

Question 13

3 groups of nuclei from which preganglionic parasympathetic neurons that are distributed with CN III, CN VII, and CN IX originate

Answer 13

• Edinger-Wetsphal nucleus
• superior salivatory nucleus
• inferior salivatory nucleus

Question 14

parasympathetic neurons in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus travel in the ….. nerve (CN …) and synapse onto postganglionic neurons in the ….. ganglion

Answer 14

oculomotor nerve (CN III), ciliary ganglion

Question 15

what is the Edinger-Westphal nucleus a subnucleus of

Answer 15

the oculomotor complex in the midbrain

Question 16

to which two smooth muscles of the ete do the postganglionic fibers of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus project to

Answer 16

• the constrictor muscle of the pupil

- the ciliary muscle (which controls shape of the lens)

Question 17

which two ganglia are at the end of branches of the facial nerve that are targets for the superior salivatory nucleus

Answer 17

• pterygopalatine ganglion

- submandibular ganglion

Question 18

which two salivary glands do the postganglionic fibers of the submandibular ganglion supply

Answer 18

• submandibular

- sublingual

Question 19

what do the postganglionic fibers of the pterygopalatine ganglion supply

Answer 19

lacrimal glands

Question 20

where is the superior salivatory nucleus situated

Answer 20

in the rostral medulla

Question 21

what nerve is related to the superior salivatory nucleus

Answer 21

the facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 22

which third salivary gland do the postganglionic fibers of the otic ganglion supply

Answer 22

the parotid gland

Question 23

which nerve is associated with the inferior salivatory nucleus

Answer 23

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Question 24

what does the inferior salivatory nucleus work together with

Answer 24

the rostral part of the nucleus ambiguus

Question 25

through which nerve does moest parasympathetic output occur

Answer 25

the vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 26

where are cell bodies of vagal preganglionic parasympathetic neurons found

Answer 26

in the medulla within the nucleus ambiguus and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

Question 27

the vagus nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to all viscera of which two regions

Answer 27

thorax and abdomen

Question 28

what does electrical stimulation of the nucleus ambiguus result in

Answer 28

- contraction of striated muscle in the pharynx, larynx and upper esophagus due to activation of somatic motor neurons - slowing of the heart due to activation of vagal preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

Question 29

what's an effect of stimulation of the sorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve

Answer 29

initiation of secretion of gastric acis, insulin and glucagon

Question 30

which plexuses do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve join

Answer 30

- esophageal - pulmonary - cardiac

Question 31

do the axons of sacral nerves leave through ventral roots or dorsal roots

Answer 31

ventral roots

Question 32

with which nerves do the axons of sacral nerves travel

Answer 32

pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 33

where are the terminal ganglia of the sacral nerves situated

Answer 33

- in the descending colon and rectum - the bladder - reproductive organs

Question 34

many visceral nociceptive fibers travel in the sympathetic/ parasympathetic nerves

Answer 34

most axons from physiological receptors travel with sympathetic/ parasympathetic fibers

Question 35

where are the cell bodies of visceral afferent fibers located

Answer 35

within the dorsal root ganglia or cranial nerve ganglia

Question 36

where can the largest concentration of visceral afferent axons be found

Answer 36

in the vagus nerve

Question 37

in which ganglion are cell bodies of the vagal afferents located

Answer 37

in the nodose ganglion

Question 38

what do the vagal afferents carry information about

Answer 38

the distention of hollow organs, blood gasses and body chemistry

Question 39

where do vagal affernts carry information to

Answer 39

the medulla

Question 40

what's the consequence of the fact that viscerotopic mapping is present in the brainstem but not at the level of the cerebral cortex

Answer 40

there is 'referred' pain

Question 41

what's ENS the abbreviation for

Answer 41

enteric nervous system

Question 42

the ENS is a collection of ........ that surround the ... tract, including the ..... and ..... system

Answer 42

nerve plexuses, GI, pancreas, biliary

Question 43

where does the myenteric or Auerbach's plexus lie

Answer 43

between the outer longitudinal and the inner circular layers of smooth muscle

Question 44

where does the submucosal or Meissner's plexus lie

Answer 44

between the inner circular and most internal layer of smooth muscle

Question 45

synonym for the most internal layer of smooth muscle

Answer 45

muscularis mucosae

Question 46

what is the myenteric plexus involved in in the intestinal wall

Answer 46

control of motility

Question 47

hat is the submucosal plexus involved in in the intestinal wall

Answer 47

control of ion and fluid transport

Question 48

from what nerve do both myenteric and submucosal plexuses receive preganglionic parasympathetic innervation from

Answer 48

vagus nerve (or sacral nerve sin the case of the distal portion of colon and rection)