Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

What is the main neurotransmitter for the PsNS?

Answer 1

Acetylcholine

Question 2

What is the main neurotransmitter for the SNS?

Answer 2

Norepinephrine

Question 3

What is the job of the PsNS?

Answer 3

1. Slow HR
2. Increase gastric secretions
3. Emptying the bladder
4. Emptying bowel
5. Constricting pupil
6. Contracting the bronchial smooth muscle
7. Focusing eye for vision

Question 4

What is the job of the SNS?

Answer 4

1. Regulation fo the cardiovasular system
2. Regulation of body temperature
3. Implementation of the “flight-or-flight” reaction

Question 5

Ligand

Answer 5

Substances that bind to ANS receptors

Question 6

Neurotransmitter

Answer 6

Chemical substance released from a nerve cell which
transmits an impulse

Question 7

Neurohormone

Answer 7

Chemical messengers secreted into the bloodstream

Question 8

Preganglionic neurons

Answer 8

Originate in brainstem or spinal cord

Question 9

Postganglionic neurons

Answer 9

Peripherally located

Question 10

What are cholinergic receptors mediated by?

Answer 10

Mediated by acetylcholine

Question 11

What are adrenergic receptors mediated by?

Answer 11

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Question 12

What are the subtypes of cholinergic receptors?

Answer 12

Nicotinic and muscarinic

Question 13

What are the subtypes of adrenergic receptors?

6 types

Answer 13

1. Alpha 1
2. Alpha 2
3. Beta 1
4. Beta 2
5. Beta 3
6. Dopamine

Question 14

What do nicotinic receptors do?

Answer 14

1. Stimulates epinephrine release from adrenal medulla.
2. Skeletal muscle

Question 15

What do nicotinic receptors do?

Answer 15

1. Increased glandular secretion
2. Smooth muscle contraction
3. Decreased heart rate
4. Contracts iris sphincter
5. Blood vessel dilate
6. Promote bladder voiding

Question 16

What does Alpha 1 receptors do?

Answer 16

1. Vasoconstriction
2. Increased BP
3. Increased contractility of the heart
4. Pupil dilation
5. Contraction of bladder sphincter
6. Contraction of prostate

Question 17

What does Alpha 2 receptors do?

Answer 17

1. Decreased BP
2. Decreased GI tone and motility

Question 18

What does Beta 1 receptors do?

Answer 18

1. Increased contraction
2. Increased heart rate
3. Increased renin secretion
4. Increased angiotensin (BP)

Heart and kidney

Question 19

What does Beta 2 receptors do?

Answer 19

1. Bronchodilation
2. Relaxation of uterine smooth muscle
3. Activation of glycogenolysis (increased blood sugar)

Lungs, uterus, liver

Question 20

Acetylcholine

Answer 20

Regulates:
- Sleep cycle
- Muscle functioning

Question 21

Norepinephrine

Answer 21

Regulates:
- Alert and wakefulness levels
- Stimulatory throughout body

Alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta 1 receptors are activated

Question 22

Epinephrine

Answer 22

Regulates fight-or-flight

Receptors alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1 and beta 2

Question 23

Dopamine

Answer 23

Regulates vasodilation of kidneys and increases HR adn BP

Alpha 1, beta 1, dopamine receptors and are activated

Question 24

Other names for PsNS Agonists

Answer 24

“Parasympathomimetic”
Cholinergic
Muscarinic

Question 25

Other names for SNS Agonists

Answer 25

“Sympathomimetic” Adrenergic Alpha - adrenergic Beta – adrenergic

Question 26

Other names for PsNS Antagonists

Answer 26

“Parasympatholytic” Anti - cholinergic Anti – muscarinic

Question 27

Other names for SNS Antagonists

Answer 27

“Sympatholytic” Anti – adrenergic Alpha blocker/Beta blocker

Question 28

What are agonist uses for cholinergic medications?

Answer 28

* Urinary retention * Paralytic ileus * Glaucoma * Alzheimer’s disease | Widespread effects

Question 29

Side/Adverse Effects of Cholinergic Medications

Answer 29

S - Salivation L - Lacrimation U – Urinary Incontinence D - Diarrhea G – Gastrointestinal Cramps E - Emesis

Question 30

Anticholinergic Medications

Answer 30

Competitively block acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors. Some have antimuscarinic actions.

Question 31

Uses of anticholinergic medications

Answer 31

* Increases HR – Treats bradycardia * Decreases secretions – hospice, preanesthetic * Relax smooth muscle – intestinal * Pupil dilation * Bronchodilation * Relaxes muscle

Question 32

Anticholinergic medications side/adverse effects

Answer 32

* Xerostomia (dry mouth) * Blurred vision * Urinary retention * Constipation * Tachycardia * Anhidrosis – inability to sweat

Question 33

Sympathomimetic Drugs

Answer 33

Primarily used for heart and blood vessels (hypotension) and the lungs (asthma).

Question 34

Alpha 1 Agonists

Answer 34

Vasoconstriction * Increases BP * Decreases nasal congestion * Contraction of GI/GU sphincters

Question 35

Alpha 2 Agonist

Answer 35

Reduce sympathetic outflow to heart and blood vessels (Decrease BP) | Activated in CNS

Question 36

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonists uses

Answer 36

Relaxes prostates and decreases BP

Question 37

Beta Adrenergic Antagonists | "Beta-Blockers"

Answer 37

Nonselective Blocks Beta 1 (heart) and 2 (lungs) receptors

Question 38

# n 7y897,kl] Beta 2 Agonist use

Answer 38

Bronchodilation

Question 40

Epinephrine job

Answer 40

Nonselective adrenergic drug * Increase BP * Mydriasis * Tachycardia * Bronchodilation