Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
Autonomic Nervous System Ganglia and Innervation (11 cards)
Describe the role of the ciliary ganglion in the nervous system.
The ciliary ganglion is associated with the oculomotor nerves and is involved in controlling eye functions such as pupil constriction and lens shape.
Explain the function of the pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia.
These ganglia are associated with the facial nerve and are responsible for innervating glands in the face, including lacrimal and salivary glands.
Define the role of the otic ganglia in the nervous system.
The otic ganglia are associated with the glossopharyngeal nerves and primarily innervate the parotid salivary gland.
How do vagus nerves contribute to the autonomic nervous system?
Vagus nerves are associated with intramural ganglia, which are located within the walls of organs they serve, influencing functions such as heart rate and digestion.
Identify the areas innervated by S2-S4 spinal nerves.
S2-S4 spinal nerves innervate the distal half of the large intestines, urinary bladder, ureters, and reproductive organs.
Explain the three pathways of sympathetic innervation.
- Synapse in trunk ganglion at the same level, 2. Synapse in trunk ganglion at a higher or lower level, 3. Pass through sympathetic trunk to synapse in a collateral ganglion anterior to the vertebral column.
Describe the effectors influenced by sympathetic innervation.
Effectors include arrector pili muscles, sweat glands of the skin, smooth muscles of blood vessels, and smooth muscles of glands in abdominal organs.
What is unique about sympathetic innervation of the medulla?
Sympathetic innervation of the medulla occurs without synapsing in a ganglion.
Define terminal ganglia in the context of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Terminal ganglia are located within the walls of the organs they serve (intramural ganglia) or close to the organs.
Explain the location and function of sympathetic trunk ganglia.
Sympathetic trunk ganglia are paired structures located beside the vertebral column, involved in sympathetic innervation.
What are collateral ganglia and how do they differ from sympathetic trunk ganglia?
Collateral ganglia, also known as prevertebral ganglia, are unpaired and located anterior to the vertebral column, unlike sympathetic trunk ganglia which are paired.
