Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

division of ANS

Answer 1

parasympathetic

symathetic

Question 2

ANS is _________ (visceral/somatic) _________ (efferent/afferent)

Answer 2

visceral efferent

Question 3

ANS neuron set-up

Answer 3

2 neuron chain

Question 4

type of neurons in ANS

Answer 4

multipolar

Question 5

location of synapse of ANS (central or peripheral NS)

Answer 5

peripheral

Question 6

innervation targets of ANS

Answer 6

smooth muscle (lining organs, bv walls, hair follicles)
cardiac muscle
glands

Question 7

sympathetic neuron effects

Answer 7

increase HR, dilate pupils, increase sweating, dilate bronchial tree, divert blood to skeletal muscle

Question 8

parasympathetic neuron effects

Answer 8

decrease HR, constrict pupils, constrict bronchial tree, increase peristalsis (digestive tract), increase secretion of digestive enxymes

Question 9

preganglionic fiber

Answer 9

1st neuron in 2-neuron chain of ANS

Question 10

postganglionic fiber

Answer 10

2nd neuron in 2-neuron chain of ANS

Question 11

location preganglionic sympathetic neuron cell body

Answer 11

(CNS) lateral horn of T1-L2/L3

Question 12

thoraco-columnar division

Answer 12

pre ganglionic sympathetic neuron

Question 13

route of axons of preganglionic sympathetic neuron (general)

Answer 13

• lateral horn of T1-L2/L3
• ventral root
• white ramus communicans
• sympathetic trunk/chain
• depends on target…
• synapse w/postganglionic neurons: in chain or travel to ganglia elsewhere in abdomen or pelvis

Question 14

sympathetic chain

Answer 14

aka trunk
extends from base of skull to coccyx
chain of sympathetic postganglionic neurons cell bodies (ganglia) that is located on the lateral aspect of the vertebral body – one on each side
- ganglia contain cell bodies for visceral neurons (2nd neuron in 2 neuron chain)

Question 15

location postganglionic sympathetic neuron cell body

Answer 15

2 main locations (both PNS) = GANGLIA

1. sympathetic chain/trunk
2. prevertebral ganglia

Question 16

location preganglionic parasympathetic neuron cell body

Answer 16

brainstem (CN III, CNVII, CN IX, CN X) and S2-S4 (lateral horn) of spinal cord (CNS)

Question 17

route of axons of preganglionic parasympathetic neuron

Answer 17

travel from origin in brainstem or sacral SC
either in cranial nerves or sacral splanchnic nerves
go to target organ for synapse (located near target organ)

Question 18

location of postganglionic parasympathetic neuron cell body

Answer 18

near target organ

Question 19

prevertebral ganglia

Answer 19

general name for plexuses in abdomen and pelvis where you find sympathetic ganglia (cell body of 2nd neuron in 2-neuron chain)

Question 20

rami communicantes

Answer 20

connects sympathetic chain to the spinal nerves

Question 21

white ramus communicans

Answer 21

branch that sympathetic neuronal axons use to enter the sympathetic chain (from the spinal nerve)

more lateral than GRC

Question 22

grey ramus communicans

Answer 22

branch that sympathetic neurons use to exit the sympathetic chain (takes you back to spinal nerve –> limbs and body wall)

Question 23

route for sympathetic neurons –> body wall/limb

Answer 23

lateral horn of T1-L2/L3
ventral root
anterior: ventral ramus //// posterior: dorsal ramus
WRC
sympathetic chain
[[[[[[if target area is superior or inferior to level where sympathtics arise from SC --> preganglionic neurons tranel up or down symp chain before synapsing]]]]]]
synapse with postganglionic neurons
postganglionic neurons exit via GRC

Question 24

route for sympathetic neurons –> head

Answer 24

lateral horn of T1-L2/L3
ventral root
ventral ramus
WRC
sympathetic chain 
(move up)
synapse at superior cervical ganglion
post ganglioic neurons in either internal or external carotid nerves

Question 25

internal and external carotid nerves

Answer 25

nerves that extend from sympathetic chain into head, carrying postganglionic neurons travel with major blood vessels

Question 26

route for sympathetic neurons --> thoracic cavity

Answer 26

``` lateral horn of T1-L2/L3 ventral root ventral ramus WRC sympathetic chain (may move up because of embryonic location of heart) synapse with post ganglionic neurons these travel as cardiac nerves ```

Question 27

cardiac nerves

Answer 27

nerves that lead from sympathetic chain to thoracic cavity (not just those innervating the heart

Question 28

route for sympathetic neurons --> abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 28

``` lateral horn of T1-L2/L3 ventral root ventral ramus WRC sympathetic chain (may move down) preganglionics travel with splanchnic nerves synapse with postganglionic neurons in prevertebral ganglia ```

Question 29

splanchinic nerves

Answer 29

just means visceral | parasympathetic one = pelvic splanchnic

Question 30

craniosacral division

Answer 30

parasympathetic system

Question 31

route for brainstem parasympathetic preganglionic neuron

Answer 31

--> cranial nerves (III, VII, IX, X) | then just travel out to target organ

Question 32

route for sacral parasympathetic preganglionic

Answer 32

S2-4 (SC) lateral horn pelvic splanchnic nerve

Question 33

name parasympathetic ganglia of CNIII | target organ

Answer 33

ciliary | eye (sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles)

Question 34

name parasympathetic ganglia of CNVII | target organ

Answer 34

``` pterygoplatine lacrimal gland (eye-ish) ```

Question 35

name parasympathetic ganglia of CNVII | target organ

Answer 35

sub-mandibular | sublingual gland and submandibular gland

Question 36

name parasympathetic ganglia of CNIX | target organ

Answer 36

otic | parotid gland