Retroperitoneum

Question 1

what are crura

Answer 1

parts of diaphragm arising from vertebrae

Question 2

what does the median arcuate ligament lie over

Answer 2

aorta

Question 3

what does the medial arcuate ligament lie over

Answer 3

psoas major

Question 4

what does the lateral arcuate ligament lie over

Answer 4

quadratus lumborum

Question 5

Quadratum Lumborum: O, I, Fx, N

Answer 5

O: 12th rib, transverse processes of L. vertebrae
I: iliac crest
N: lumbar plexus
Fx: flexes spine laterally, stabilizes 12th rib (during respiration or straining)

Question 6

What is the most powerful hip flexor?

Answer 6

Iliacus/Iliopsoas

Question 7

blood supply to thoracic surface of diaphragm

Answer 7

pericardiophrenic artery and musculophrenic artery (both branches of the internal thoracic artery)

Question 8

blood supply to abdominal surface of diaphragm

Answer 8

R and L inferior phrenic arteries (from the aorta directly)

Question 9

motor innervation of central diaphragm

Answer 9

Phrenic nerve

Question 10

sensory innervation of central diaphragm

Answer 10

phrenic nerve (C3, 4, 5)

Question 11

sensory innervation of peripheral diaphragm

Answer 11

segmental intercostal nerves (T6-12)

Question 12

renal hilum

Answer 12

place on medial side of kidney where arteries, veins, nerves and lymphatics enter and leave

Question 13

renal sinus

Answer 13

fat-filled concavity on medial border of hilum

Question 14

renal cortex

Answer 14

outer 1/3 or renal substance

Question 15

renal medulla

Answer 15

composed of all of the renal pyramids

Question 16

renal colums

Answer 16

cortex (cortical substance) that extends between the renal pyramid into the medulla

Question 17

renal papillae

Answer 17

part of the renal pyramids (rounded) that projects into the minor calyyx where they discharge urine

Question 18

minor calyces

Answer 18

part of the renal pelvis; each receives a renal papillae

Question 19

major calyces

Answer 19

where 2 or 3 minor calyces come together

Question 20

renal pelvis

Answer 20

where all of the major calyces come together; funnel-shaped area near the hilum; tapers to form the ureter

Question 21

vertebral location of kidneys

Answer 21

T12-L3

Question 22

blood supply to kidneys

Answer 22

renal arteries

Question 23

origin of renal arteries

Answer 23

aorta, laterally at L1, just inferior to SMA

Question 24

order of structures at hilum (anterior to posterior)

Answer 24

renal veins, renal arteries, renal pelvis (which drain to ureters); the right renal artery passes posterior to the IVC

Question 25

venous drainage of kidneys

Answer 25

renal veins

Question 26

drainage and path of left renal vein

Answer 26

drains into IVC: passes anterior to aorta, in angle between aorta and SMA

Question 27

drainage and path of right renal vein

Answer 27

drains into IVC; lies behind the descending portion of duodenum

Question 28

branches of renal arteries

Answer 28

4 anterior branches, 1 posterior branch (in general) | these are END ARTERIES -- they do not anastomose

Question 29

embryologic origin of adrenal cortex

Answer 29

mesoderm

Question 30

embryologic origin of adrenal medulla

Answer 30

neural crest cells

Question 31

function of adrenal cortex

Answer 31

secretes corticosteroids

Question 32

function of adrenal medulla

Answer 32

secretes catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

Question 33

blood supply to the adrenal gland

Answer 33

superior, middle, inferior suprarenal arteries

Question 34

origin of superior suprarenal artery

Answer 34

inferior phrenic artery (supplies abdominal surface of diaphragm, from aorta)

Question 35

origin of middle suprarenal artery

Answer 35

aorta

Question 36

origin of inferior suprarenal artery

Answer 36

renal artery (goes to kidneys, from aorta)

Question 37

venous drainage of adrenal glands

Answer 37

left and right suprarenal veins

Question 38

left suprarenal vein drains into the ______

Answer 38

left renal vein (and then the IVC)

Question 39

right suprarenal vein drains into the ______

Answer 39

IVC (directly)

Question 40

does the ureter pass anteriorly or posteriorly to the bifurcation of the common iliac vessels

Answer 40

anteriorly

Question 41

sites of ureteral constriction (going towards bladder)

Answer 41

1. ureteropelvic (UP) junction: jxn between ureter and renal pelvic 2. pelvic brim: where ureter passes over common iliac vessesls 3. ureterovesical (UV) junction: jxn between ureter and bladder

Question 42

aorta bifurcates into the ___________ and verterbral level __________

Answer 42

common iliac arteries | T12

Question 43

How many branches are there from the abdominal aorta (and # of visceral and parietal branches)

Answer 43

9 branches; 6 visceral, 3 parietal

Question 44

Ventral Branches of abdominal aorta are:

Answer 44

all visceral 1. celiac 2. SMA 3. IMA

Question 45

Celiac Trunk branches from the aorta at vertebral level ____

Answer 45

T12

Question 46

Celiac Trunk provides blood to ___________

Answer 46

the abdominal foregut

Question 47

Celiac trunk is a __________ branch of the abdominal aorta

Answer 47

ventral

Question 48

the SMA branches from the aorta at vertebral level ____

Answer 48

L1

Question 49

the IMA branches from the aorta at vertebral level ____

Answer 49

L3

Question 50

SMA provides blood to ___________

Answer 50

the midgut

Question 51

IMA provides blood to ___________

Answer 51

hindgut

Question 52

SMA is a __________ branch of the abdominal aorta

Answer 52

ventral

Question 53

IMA is a __________ branch of the abdominal aorta

Answer 53

ventral

Question 54

There are ___ visceral and ____ parietal lateral branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 54

3 visceral, 1 parietal

Question 55

What are the lateral branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 55

1. inferior phrenic arteries (parietal) 2. renal arteries (visceral) 3. middle suprarenal arteries (visceral) 4. ovarian/testicular (visceral)

Question 56

Inferior phrenic arteries provide blood to ___________

Answer 56

the abdominal surface of the diaphragm; give off the suprarenal arteries

Question 57

Renal arteries provide blood to the _______

Answer 57

kidneys

Question 58

middle suprarenal arteries provide blood to the ________

Answer 58

adrenal glands

Question 59

ovarian/testicular arteries provide blood to the ___________

Answer 59

gonads

Question 60

Inferior phrenic arteries are ______ branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 60

lateral

Question 61

Renal arteries are _________ branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 61

lateral

Question 62

Ovarian/Testicular arteries are __________ branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 62

lateral

Question 63

middle suprarenal arteries are ________ branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 63

lateral

Question 64

superior to inferior lateral branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 64

inferior phrenic arteries, middle suprarenal arteries