autonomic nervous system

Question 1

what type of activities does the ANS carry out?

Answer 1

involuntary (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and some glands)

Question 2

what are the 2 divisions of the ANS?

Answer 2

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 3

where are the cell bodies of pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons??

Answer 3

• brainstem (CN 3,7,9,10)

- sacral spinal cord (segments 2,3,4)

Question 4

where are the cell bodies of pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons??

Answer 4

• thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord ( T1-L2)

Question 5

which nervous system is the adrenal medulla part of?

Answer 5

SNS

Question 6

where is pararsympathetic ganglia?

Answer 6

near/on effector organ

Question 7

where is sympathetic ganglia?

Answer 7

halway

Question 8

name the structures affected by th PNS

Answer 8

iris,; ciliary muscle, lacrimal, salivary glands, heart, bronchi, GI tract, bladder, genitalia

Question 9

which overall effect does the PNS have on energy ?

Answer 9

conservative, storing energy

Question 10

which overall effect does the SNS have?

Answer 10

fight, flight or fright

Question 11

which structures are affected by the SNS?

Answer 11

iris, blood vessels, heart, bronchi, GI tract, adrenal medulla, bladder, gentitalia

Question 12

does the ANS control breathing?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

what is the tranamitter between the ganglion and effector in the PNS?

Answer 13

acetylcholine for both

Question 14

what is the tranamitter between the ganglion and effector in the SNS?

Answer 14

acetylcholine (ganglion) and noradrenaline (effector)

Question 15

what does adrenaline act as in a local anasthetic?

Answer 15

vasoconstrictor

Question 16

which 1 type of nerves are only recieved by blood vessels and glands in the periphery (skin, muscle)

Answer 16

sympathetic

Question 17

how is blood vessel diameter controlled?

Answer 17

varying activity of sympathetic nerves

Question 18

name a modified sympathetic ganglion

Answer 18

adrenal medulla

Question 19

what effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the heart?

Answer 19

decrease HR

Question 20

what effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the lungs?

Answer 20

decreased breathing rate

Question 21

what effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the eyes?

Answer 21

make pupils smaller

Question 22

what effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the digestive system?

Answer 22

increase blood flow to it

Question 23

what effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the BVs?

Answer 23

vasodilation

Question 24

what effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the bladder ?

Answer 24

relax internal sphincter and contact bladder

Question 25

what effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the iris?

Answer 25

contract

Question 26

what effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the ciliary muscle?

Answer 26

contract

Question 27

what effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the salivary glands?

Answer 27

produce lots of serious secretion

Question 28

what effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the lacrimal gland?

Answer 28

secrete

Question 29

what effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the nasal gland?

Answer 29

secrete

Question 30

does the parasympathetic nervous system have a direct effect on BVs?

Answer 30

no

Question 31

what effect does the sympathetic NS have on the nasal gland?

Answer 31

no effect

Question 32

what effect does the sympathetic NS have on the iris?

Answer 32

contract

Question 33

what effect does the sympathetic NS have on the pupils?

Answer 33

dilate

Question 34

what effect does the sympathetic NS have on the ciliary muscle?

Answer 34

relax

Question 35

what effect does the sympathetic NS have on the salivary glands?

Answer 35

low vol mucous

Question 36

what effect does the sympathetic NS have on the lacrimal gland?

Answer 36

secrete

Question 37

what effect does the sympathetic NS have on the BVs?

Answer 37

alpha receptors - constrict | beta receptords - dilate

Question 38

what are the sympathetic receptors ?

Answer 38

- alpha - beta 1 - beta 2

Question 39

where are alpha receptors?

Answer 39

arteries

Question 40

which 2 hormones stimulate alpha receptors?

Answer 40

adrenaline or noradrenaline

Question 41

what effect do adrenaline and noradrenaline binding to alpha receptors have?

Answer 41

constrict BVs causing increased BP

Question 42

where are beta 1 receptors located?

Answer 42

heart

Question 43

when stimulated, what effect do beta 1 receptors have?

Answer 43

increased HR

Question 44

where are beta 2 receptors found?

Answer 44

bronchioles of lungs and arteries of skeletal muscles

Question 45

when stimulated, what effect do beta 2 receptors have?

Answer 45

increase bronchiole diameter and BV diameter in skeletal muscles

Question 46

what are the 2 parasympathetic receptors?

Answer 46

- muscarinic | - nicotinic

Question 47

when stimulated, muscarinic receptors have what effect?

Answer 47

- decreased HR - decreased heart contractility - decreased bronchiole size

Question 48

which substance blocks muscarinic receptors?

Answer 48

atropine

Question 49

where do parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves not have opposing effects?

Answer 49

genitalia

Question 50

which parts of the body only receive sympathetic control?

Answer 50

- BVs | - glands in periphery

Question 51

what does a paradoxical effect refer to?

Answer 51

1 which is not expected