central nervous system

Question 1

cells in which region make up the CNS?

Answer 1

those within the skull and vertebral canal

Question 2

CNS is covered by 3 layers of connective tissue called meninges, name these 3 layers

Answer 2

dura matter
arachnoid matter
pla matter

Question 3

name the 5 segments of the CNS

Answer 3

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal

Question 4

what does grey matter consist of?

Answer 4

neuron cell bodies and some axons

Question 5

what does white matter consist of?

Answer 5

nerve axons that transmitted impulses to and from the brain or between levels of grey matter

Question 6

which root, ventral (front) or dorsal (back), contains a ganglion?

Answer 6

dorsal

Question 7

what are the 2 horns within grey matter called?

Answer 7

dorsal horn and ventral horn

Question 8

where is the 1st-order afferent neuron terminal?

Answer 8

dorsal horn

Question 9

where are cell bodies of 2nd -order sensory neurons found?

Answer 9

dorsal horn

Question 10

what does the ventral horn contain?

Answer 10

cell bodies of motor neurons, motor nerve axons leaving through ventral nerve roots

Question 11

is grey matter at the centre of the spinal?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

which regions of the CNS have more white matter?

Answer 12

cervical and thoracic

Question 13

which regions of the CNS have less white matter?

Answer 13

lumbar and sacral

Question 14

why do certain regions have more white matter than other regions of the CNS?

Answer 14

due to many axons going up to the brain from all levels of the spinal cord and may axons from the brain going down to defferent segments of the spinal cord

Question 15

which 3 types of neuron does a reflex pathway contain?

Answer 15

sensory, interneuron and motor

Question 16

which matter surrounds which in the brain?

Answer 16

grey surrounds whiye

Question 17

which 3 parts make up the brain?

Answer 17

forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain

Question 18

what structures are contained within the forebrain?

Answer 18

cerebrum, diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus) and limbic system

Question 19

what structures are contained within the hindbrain?

Answer 19

pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum

Question 20

which subsections of the brain make up the brainstem?

Answer 20

midbrain, pons and medulla

Question 21

what is the function of the midbrain?

Answer 21

visual and auditory reflexes, pain control

Question 22

what is the function of the medulla oblongata ?

Answer 22

regulate breathing, heart rate and blood vessels

Question 23

what is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 23

hormone production and role in homeostasis

Question 24

what is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 24

sensory processing

Question 25

what is the function of the cerebrum?

Answer 25

memory, perception, emotion

Question 26

name the 4 lobes of the brain?

Answer 26

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Question 27

how does local anaesthetic work?

Answer 27

by blocking sodium channels

Question 28

where in nerve cells are sodium channels found?

Answer 28

nodes of ranvier

Question 29

local anaesthetic has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, what term describes this?

Answer 29

amphiphilic

Question 30

local anaesthetic is absorbed into adipocytes, what are positive and negatives of this?

Answer 30

positive - use less | negative - effects last longer

Question 31

describe a unipolar neuron

Answer 31

1 axon, sensory functions

Question 32

describe a bipolar neuron

Answer 32

2 axons, commonly interneurons, olfactory epithelium

Question 33

describe a multipolar neuron

Answer 33

1 axon, many processes, purkinje fibres

Question 34

what is the function of the spinal cord?

Answer 34

carries sensory impulses to the brain and motor impulses from the brain

Question 35

grey matter can be divided into 3 functional zones, what are they?

Answer 35

dorsal horn (sensory), ventral horn (motor) and middle zone (motor and sensory)

Question 36

in white matter of the spinal cord, axons of neutrons are grouped together into?

Answer 36

funiculi

Question 37

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 37

31

Question 38

name the spinal nerves and state how many of each type there are

Answer 38

8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1 coccygeal

Question 39

each spinal nerve is attached to the spinal cord by 2 roots, name them

Answer 39

dorsal root and ventral root

Question 40

what region of the spinal cord is the worst to have an injury on and why?

Answer 40

cervical - gathers info from all regions

Question 41

what type of neutrons are post-ganglion sympathetic neurons?

Answer 41

multipolar

Question 42

which neutrons are in the cerebellum?

Answer 42

purkinje

Question 43

what is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 43

control balance and posture

Question 44

what is the function of the pons?

Answer 44

relay messages from cortex to cerebellum

Question 45

what is the function of the frontal lobe of the brain?

Answer 45

higher executive functions such as emotion, reasoning, problem solving

Question 46

what is the function of the parietal lobe of the brain?

Answer 46

processing of sensory info involving touch, temp, pressure, pain and 2 pt discrimination

Question 47

what is the function of the temporal lobe of the brain?

Answer 47

process sensory info related to hearing, recognising language and forming memories

Question 48

what is the function of the occipital lobe of the brain?

Answer 48

visual processing centre