Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

ANS (what kind of control it has, what it innervates, subdivisions)

Answer 1

• Involuntary (no conscious control)
• Innervates all effector organs EXCEPT skeletal muscle

-Subdivisions
Sympathetic (thoraco-lumbar)
Parasympathetic (cranio-sacral)

Question 2

Sympathetic vs parasympathetic

Answer 2

• Act in opposition to each other

- Dual innervation organs innervated by both subdivisions

Question 3

Sympathetic Nervous System (What subdivision, when its active, results)

Answer 3

• Thoraco-lumbar: CNS → effectors through thoracic or lumbar portion of spinal cord
• Active during activity and stress (fight or flight)

-Results
  Decrease GI activities
  Increase HR and BP
  Pupillary dilation
  Mobilize energy stores

Question 4

Parasympathetic nervous system (what subdivision, when its active, results)

Answer 4

• Cranio-sacral: CNS → effector through brain or sacral portion of spinal cord
• Active during quiet and relaxed states (rest and digest)

-Results
Increase GI activities
Decrease HR and BP
Pupillary constriction

Question 5

Autonomic pathways

Answer 5

-Generally 2 neurons in length
Preganglionic
Postganglionix

***Connect at autonomic ganglion

Question 6

nucleus

Answer 6

several soma found in CNS

Question 7

Tract

Answer 7

several axons in CNS

Question 8

ganglion

Answer 8

several soma found in PNS

Question 9

nerve

Answer 9

several axons in PNS

Question 10

Sympathetic pathways

Answer 10

• Preganglionic neuron (thoracic or lumbar)
• Sympathetic chain or collateral ganglion
• Postganglionic neuron
• Effector organ

Question 11

Parasympathetic pathways

Answer 11

• Preganglionic neuron (brain and sacral)
• Parasympathetic ganglion
• Postganglionic neuron
• Effector organ

Question 12

Neurotransmitter (where it is secreted, types)

Answer 12

-Secreted at target cells

-Types
Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine (Ach)

Question 13

Neurons (preganglionic, postganglionic)

Answer 13

-Preganglionic
Cholinergic: secrete Ach

-Postganglionic
Sympathetic: Adrenergic- secrete norepinephrine
Parasympathetic: Cholinergic

Question 14

Receptors (classes)

Answer 14

adrenergic and cholinergic

Question 15

Adrenergic Receptors (what it responds to, location, subclass)

Answer 15

-Respond to norepinephrine
-Location: effector organs of sympathetic
-Subclass
Alpha
Beta

Question 16

Alpha-adrenergic (characteristics)

Answer 16

• Most common
• Usually excitatory
• Greater affinity to norepinephrine, than epinephrine

Question 17

Beta-adrenergic (characteristics)

Answer 17

• G-protein system → increase cAMP

- Can be activated by both norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 18

Cholinergic (what it responds to, subclass)

Answer 18

-respond to Ach

• subclass
  1. nicotinic
  2. muscarinic

Question 19

Nicotinic Cholinergic receptors (location, function)

Answer 19

• Location
  
  • Postganglionic dendrites and cell bodies
  • Adrenal medulla
  • Skeletal muscle (somatic)
• Function
  
  • Open Na+ and K+ channels

Question 20

Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors (location, function)

Answer 20

Location: effector organs of parasympathetic

Function: g-protein system, open/close ion channels

Question 21

Somatic nervous System (what kind of control, what it innervates, neurons)

Answer 21

• Voluntary control
• Innervates skeletal muscle
• 1 neuron between CNS and effector organ
  
  • Motor neuron: releases Ach
  • Effector organs: nicotinic cholinergic receptors