Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following? A) somatic division B) craniosacral division C) resting division D) thoracolumbar division E) lumbosacral division
A
D
2
Q
Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on A) postganglionic fibers. B) visceral reflex responses. C) motor neurons. D) ganglionic neurons. E) afferent neurons.
A
D
3
Q
The statement “there is always a peripheral synapse between the CNS and the effector organ” is
A) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E) true only for the somatic nervous system.
A
C
4
Q
Preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located in
A) the brain.
B) the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.
C) the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord.
D) both the brain and the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.
E) the cerebrum.
A
D
5
Q
A visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS is called a(n)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ neuron. A) upper motor B) lower motor C) preganglionic D) postganglionic E) somatomotor
A
C
6
Q
Craniosacral division is another name for the A) sympathetic division of the ANS. B) parasympathetic division of the ANS. C) somatic nervous system. D) afferent nervous system. E) central nervous system.
A
B
7
Q
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ axons. A) short; myelinated B) short; unmyelinated C) long; myelinated D) long; unmyelinated E) intermediate; small
A
A
8
Q
In the sympathetic nervous system, where are the preganglionic neurons located?
A) cervical and sacral segments of the spinal cord
B) sacral segments of the spinal cord
C) brain stem
D) thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord
E) cerebellum
A
D
9
Q
Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the
A) lateral gray horns of the cervical cord.
B) anterior gray horns of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord.
C) lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord.
D) anterior gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord.
E) lateral gray horns of T1 to S2 of the spinal cord.
A
C
10
Q
Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons lying along either side of the spinal cord are called sympathetic \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ganglia. A) intramural B) collateral C) chain D) prevertebral E) suprarenal
A
C
11
Q
Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the abdominopelvic region are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ganglia. A) intramural B) collateral C) chain D) paravertebral E) suprarenal
A
B
12
Q
Injury to the neurons of a collateral ganglion would affect the function of the A) heart. B) pupils. C) sweat glands. D) digestive tract. E) arrector pili muscles.
A
D
13
Q
Postganglionic axons usually are A) myelinated. B) unmyelinated. C) larger than preganglionic fibers. D) located in the brain. E) located in the spinal cord.
A
B
14
Q
Collateral ganglia contain neurons that innervate tissues and organs in which cavity? A) thoracic B) pelvic C) abdominal D) craniosacral E) abdominopelvic
A
E
15
Q
Preganglionic fibers that innervate the collateral ganglia form the A) suprarenal medulla. B) celiac ganglia. C) sympathetic chain ganglia. D) inferior mesenteric ganglia. E) splanchnic nerves.
A
E
16
Q
Sympathetic nerves A) provoke feelings of sympathy. B) allow us to relax, rest, and recover. C) are bundles of postganglionic fibers that innervate organs within the thoracic cavity. D) control swallowing. E) stimulate gastric secretion.
A
C
17
Q
Specialized ganglionic sympathetic neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream are found within the A) intramural ganglia. B) collateral ganglia. C) chain ganglia. D) brain stem. E) suprarenal medullae.
A
E
18
Q
Postganglionic fibers that innervate targets in the body wall or thoracic cavity originate on neurons within A) intramural ganglia. B) collateral ganglia. C) sympathetic chain ganglia. D) suprarenal ganglia. E) white rami.
A
C
19
Q
Each of the following effects is associated with the action of postganglionic sympathetic fibers, except
A) increased sweat secretion.
B) reduced circulation to the skin.
C) decreased heart rate.
D) dilation of the pupils.
E) increased blood flow to skeletal muscles.
A
C
20
Q
The celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric ganglia are collectively called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ganglia. A) chain B) collateral C) intramural D) paravertebral E) terminal
A
B
21
Q
A person is confronted by a dangerous dog. His heart begins to race and beat strongly, his pupils dilate, and his hairs stand up. These signs are the result of
A) sympathetic activation.
B) increased levels of epinephrine in the blood.
C) increased activity of autonomic centers in the hypothalamus.
D) the “fight or flight” response.
E) All of the answers are correct.
A
D
22
Q
Drugs that have effects similar to those of sympathetic activation are called sympathomimetic drugs. Which of the following would you not expect to observe in a person who has taken a sympathomimetic drug? A) sweating B) increased heart rate C) dilation of respiratory passages D) decreased blood pressure E) increased blood sugar level
A
D
23
Q
Postganglionic sympathetic axons can release the neurotransmitter \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ at their effector junctions. A) acetylcholine B) nitric oxide C) norepinephrine D) ACh E) All of the answers are correct.
A
E
24
Q
Most sympathetic effector junctions release norepinephrine but a significant number release acetylcholine instead. Which of these is an example of an organ of the cholinergic type? A) the heart B) a blood vessel in the skin C) a sweat gland D) the liver E) the salivary glands
A
C
25
```
Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic neurons are present in all of the following cranial nerves, except
A) III.
B) VII.
C) IX.
D) X.
E) XII.
```
E
26
```
Which of the following is not a parasympathetic ganglion?
A) ciliary ganglion.
B) pterygopalatine ganglion.
C) submandibular ganglion.
D) otic ganglion.
E) celiac ganglion.
```
E
27
Parasympathetic functions include all of the following, except
A) decrease in the rate of cardiac contraction.
B) constriction of the pupils.
C) dilation of the airways.
D) stimulation of urination.
E) stimulation of defecation.
C
28
Postganglionic fibers release neurotransmitter on peripheral effectors
A) at distinct synapses.
B) at pearl-like swellings called varicosities.
C) into capillaries within the target organ.
D) at the end plates.
E) at sympathetic chain ganglia.
B
29
Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false?
A) Preganglionic neurons are located in the brain stem and sacral region of the spinal cord.
B) Ganglionic neurons are located in ganglia within or near to effectors.
C) Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long.
D) The actions of the parasympathetic division are more localized than those of the sympathetic division.
E) The ganglionic neurons always release acetylcholine.
C
30
The statement "its ganglia are usually near or within the end organ" is
A) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E) true only for the somatic nervous system.
A
31
The statement "its postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter" is
A) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E) true only for the somatic nervous system.
A
32
The statement "Preganglionic axon terminals release acetylcholine" is
A) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E) true only for the somatic nervous system.
C
33
The statement "it controls the diameter of the pupil" is
A) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E) true only for the somatic nervous system.
C
34
Which of the following is an example of a visceral reflex?
A) defecation reflex
B) vomiting reflex
C) pupillary reflex
D) ejaculation in response to tactile stimuli
E) All of the answers are correct.
E
35
```
Which of the following visceral reflexes is not coordinated by the medulla oblongata?
A) swallowing reflex
B) vasomotor reflex
C) coughing reflex
D) cardioacceleratory reflex
E) pupillary reflex
```
E
36
Which of the following would be an example of higher-level control of autonomic function?
A) gagging on food that does not appeal to you
B) a violent coughing attack in response to an irritant
C) increased heart rate when you see a person you fear
D) dilation of the pupils when you enter a dark room
E) increased salivation when you smell food that appeals to you
C
37
```
Which of the following is essential for memory consolidation?
A) occipital lobe
B) basal nuclei
C) hippocampus
D) insula
E) prefrontal lobe
```
C
38
Mechanisms involved in memory formation and storage involve all of the following, except
A) increased release of neurotransmitters.
B) anterograde amnesia.
C) formation of additional synaptic connections.
D) the formation of memory engrams.
E) facilitation at synapses.
B
39
```
Long-term memories that are with you for a lifetime are called
A) tertiary memories.
B) reflexive memories.
C) consolidated memories.
D) multilobar memories.
E) secondary memories.
```
A
40
```
Conversion of a short-term memory to a long-term memory is called
A) memory conversion.
B) anterograde amnesia.
C) memory programming.
D) memory consolidation.
E) memory engraving.
```
D
41
```
After arousal by a sensory stimulus, consciousness can be maintained by positive feedback, because of activity in the
A) cerebral cortex.
B) basal nuclei.
C) sensory pathways.
D) motor pathways.
E) All of the answers are correct.
```
E
42
```
The regulation of awake-asleep cycles appears to involve an interplay between brain stem nuclei that use different neurotransmitters. The one that favors alertness is ________ and the other promoting deep sleep is ________.
A) acetylcholine; serotonin
B) serotonin; norepinephrine
C) norepinephrine; serotonin
D) dopamine; GABA
E) glutamate; serotonin
```
C
43
Changes in the central nervous system that accompany aging include
A) reduction in brain size and weight.
B) decrease in the number of neurons.
C) decreased blood flow to the brain.
D) changes in synaptic organization in the brain.
E) All of the answers are correct
E
44
The parasympathetic division is also called the ________ division.
craniosacral
45
The ganglia located lateral to the vertebral column are the sympathetic ________ ganglia.
Chain
46
Unpaired sympathetic ganglia are called ________ ganglia.
Collateral
47
________ perform the simplest functions of the autonomic nervous system
Visceral reflexes
48
Visceral reflex arcs can bypass CNS neurons in ________ reflexes.
Short
