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Pharmacology N929 > Autonomic Nervous System Review > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Review Flashcards

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1
Q

2 main neurotransmitters of autonomic nervous system

A

Ach, NE

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2
Q

type of autonomic innervation: adrenal medulla

A

sympathetic only

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3
Q

type of autonomic innervation: most sweat glands

A

sympathetic only

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4
Q

type of autonomic innervation: blood vessels

A

although they do have cholinergic receptors on endothelium of BV, but only innervated by SNS

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5
Q

dominant basal tone: cardiac

A

parasympathetic

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6
Q

dominant basal tone: bronchial smooth muscle

A

parasympathetic

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7
Q

dominant basal tone: GI tract

A

parasympathetic

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8
Q

dominant basal tone: urinary tract

A

parasympathetic

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9
Q

dominant basal tone: salivary glands

A

parasympathetic

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10
Q

dominant basal tone: most sweat glands

A

sympathetic

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11
Q

dominant basal tone: arterioles/veins

A

sympathetic

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12
Q

how many ganglion in somatic nervous system

A

1

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13
Q

postganglionic receptor and neurotransmitter in PSNS

A

Ach, mAchR (cholinergic)

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14
Q

postganglionic receptor and neurotransmitter in SNS

A

NE, adrenergic receptors (alpha, beta)

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15
Q

postganglionic receptor and neurotransmitter in sweat glands

A

Ach, mAchR (cholinergic) (even though its a part of the SNS)

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16
Q

postsynaptic neurotransmitters in adrenal medulla

A

80% epi, 20% NE

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17
Q

adrenal medulla innervation, number of neurons, type of postsynaptic cells, neurotransmitters

A

sympathetic innervation, only 1 neuron, postsynaptic neuroendocrine cells, secrete epi/norepi into blood, mimics sympathetic stimulation

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18
Q

anatomical origin of SNS

A

T1-T12, L1-L5

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19
Q

anatomical origin of PSNS

A

CN 3, 7, 9, 10 (90% vagus nerve), S2-S4

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20
Q

location of sympathetic ganglia

A

sympathetic chain of paravertebral column

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21
Q

location of PSNS ganglia

A

target organ

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22
Q

receptor on postganglionic neuron of SNS and PSNS

A

nAchR

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23
Q

receptor on target tissue of SNS and exceptions

A

adrenergic, sweat glands, adrenal medulla

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24
Q

receptor on target tissue of PSNS

A

mAchR

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25
steps of neurotransmission
1. synthesis 2. storage in vesicles 3. release r/t AP (vesicles fuse with nerve terminal) 4. action at receiving tissue 5. termination (reuptake via transporter, enzyme degradation, diffusion)
26
steps of cholinergic neurotransmission
1. synthesis from choline, acetyl-CoA 2. storage in vesicles 3. action potential triggers Ca++ entry, Ca++ interacts with SNARE protein on vescicle -->fusion of vesicle and opening --> release of Ach 4. binding to receptor 5. termination of action. primary mechanism: enzyme degradation via AchE 6. recycle choline via reuptake
27
ligand gated ion channel
fast response, binds and channels open so ions can pass through ex) nAchR and GABA
28
GPCR
connected to g protein, most common receptor that drugs act on
29
transmembrane with linked enzymatic domain
when drug binds, enzyme activates ex) oncology medications
30
intracellular receptor
receptor either in cytosol or nucleus, drug has to be lipophilic. effects transcription and increases or decreases amount of protein synthesis ex)cortisol, sex hormones
31
muscarinic cholinergic receptor specs
- it is a GPCR - there are 5 subtypes with 2 subgroups - diverse cellular responses, not very selective - autonomic effector tissues: heart, endothelium, smooth muscle, glands, CNS
32
nicotinic cholinergic receptor specs
- ligand gated ion channel (Na/K) - 2 major subtypes: NicN, NicM - location: autonomic ganglia, skeletal muscle innervated by somatic nerves, CNS - Ach binds, conformational change, channel opens and positively charged ions pull through channel - depol of postsynaptic cells
33
where are M1 receptors
CNS
34
where are M2 receptors
heart
35
where are M3 receptors
smooth muscle, glands, endothelium, eye (circular, ciliary muscle)
36
where are M4 receptors
CNS
37
where are M5 receptors
CNS
38
where are NicN receptors
ANS ganglia, adrenal medulla, CNS
39
where are NicM receptors
skeletal NMJ
40
characteristics of cholinergic receptors
- selective distribution - receptor type: muscarinic (GPCR), - nicotinic (Nic) (ligand gated ion channel)
41
muscarinic ligands
Ach, muscarine
42
nicotinic ligands
Ach, nicotine
43
acetylcholine neurotransmitter sites
NMJ, autonomic ganglia, at effector junction of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons, CNS
44
stages of adrenergic neurotransmission
1. synthesis of NE (catecholamines) from amino acid tyrosine 2. uptake/storage of vesicles 3. release with action potential 4. receptor binding 5. termination of action- reuptake via NE transporter. also, enzymatic metabolism, especially via MAO in neurotransmitter terminal. important drug target)
45
alpha adrenergic receptor specs type of receptor ligands subtypes
- GPCR - ligands: NE, epi, DA - 2 subtypes of a1 and a2
46
way a1 receptor works
excitatory. increased calcium activated calmodulin. increases actin-myosin interaction. smooth muscle contraction occurs
47
way a2 receptor works
inhibitory. decreased cAMP production. decreased NE release
48
``` beta adrenergic receptor specs subtypes type of receptor activation pathway autonomic effector tissues ```
- B1, B2, B3 - GPCR - activation of adenyl cyclase, increased cAMP production, increased kinase activation or phosphorylation. - autonomic effector tissues. heart, kidney, liver, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, fat cells.
49
how to terminate action of NE
reuptake back into presynaptic neuron, diffusion, metabolism (minor role)
50
noradrenegic receptors
- GPCR - negative feedback limits response - alpha 1 - alpha 2 - beta 1, beta 2, beta 3
51
dopamine catecholamine specs
precursor of norepinephrine, epi, at effector junction. sympathetic, renal vascular smooth muscle
52
dopamine termination of action
neuronal reuptake by DA transporter, MAO brerakdown
53
dopamine receptors action via GPCR
cAMP is second messenger. D1 class (D1, D5) increases cAMP. D2 class (D2, D3, D4) decreases cAMP production.
54
low, intermediate, and high dose dopamine
``` low dose- vasodilation (D1) intermediate dose (and inotrope) B1 high dose-vasoconstriction (a1) ```
55
other neurotransmitters in autonomic, enteric, and NANC neurons
``` NO vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) calcitonin gene related peptide (GCRP) neuropeptide Y (NPY) substance P serotonin others ```
56
ANS stimulation of SA node
SNS increases heart rate via B1 receptor | PSNS decreases heart rate via M2 receptor
57
ANS stimulation of contractility
SNS increases contractility of B1 | PSNS decreases contractility via M2
58
ANS stimulation of bronchiolar smooth muscle
SNS dilates via B2 | PSNS constricts via M3
59
ANS stimulation of kidney
SNS induces renin release via B1
60
ANS stimulation of liver
SNS stimulated glucagon release via B2
61
ANS stimulation of vascular smooth muscle: skin, splanchnic
SNS constricts via A1
62
ANS stimulation of skeletal muscle
SNS vasodilator via B2
63
ANS stimulation of GI walls
SNS relaxes via B2 | PSNS contracts via M3
64
ANS stimulation of GI sphincters
SNS contracts via A1 | PSNS dilates via M3
65
ANS stimulations of GI secretions
PSNS increases secretions via M3
66
ANS stimulation of urinary bladder wall
SNS relaxes via B2 | PSNS contracts via M3
67
ANS stimulation of urinary bladder sphincter
SNS contracts via A1 | PSNS relaxes via M3
68
ANS stimulation of uterine smooth muscle
SNS relaxes via B2 | PSNS super minor contraction via M3
69
ANS stimulation of reproductive system
SNS incites ejaculation via A1 | PSNS erection via M3
70
ANS stimulation of adrenal medulla
SNS release of NE and Epi via nicotinic receptor
71
ANS stimulation via pilomotor smooth muscle
SNS contracts via A1
72
ANS stimulation via sweat glands- thermoregulatory
SNS increases sweat via muscarinic receptor
73
ANS stimulation via sweat glands (apocrine/stress)
SNS increases sweat via a1 receptor
74
ANS stimulation via fat cells
SNS lipolysis via B3
75
eNOS
endothelial nitric oxide synthase; enzyme that makes nitric oxide from L-arginine
76
PDE5
phosphpdiesterase 5; the enzyme that breaks down he 2nd messenger (cGMP)
77
iris effects, SNS, PSNS
pupillary control, SNS a1 mydriasis, PSNS M3 miosis
78
ciliary muscle effects, SNS, PSNS
focuses lens SNS: none PSNS: accommodate near vision (M3), increase outflow of aqueous humor
79
ciliary body effects, SNS, PSNS
aqueous humor production | SNS increase secretion of aqueous humor via epithelium (B1)
80
aqueous humor effects, PSNS, SNS
intraocular pressure increases IOP SNS decreases IOP PSNS
81
adrenergic
describes neurons or receptors that use NE, or drugs that mimic sympathetic nerve stimulation
82
alpha adrenergic terminology
adrenergic receptor activated by NT NE
83
beta adrenergic terminology
adrenergic receptor activated by NT NE
84
catecholamine terminology
molecule class that contains a catechol and amine group. includes NE, epi, dopa
85
cholinergic terminology
describes neurons receptors that use Ach, orr drugs that mimic PSNS nerve stimulation
86
epinephrine terminology
adrenalin, produced in adrenal medulla, also NT in CNS
87
muscarinic receptor terminology
cholinergic receptor of PSNS, name derived from muscarine, a natural receptor agonist substance from mushrooms
88
nicotinic receptor terminology
cholinergic receptor, deprived from nicotine, a natural receptor agonist, 2 distinct types in periphery. NMJ and autonomic ganglia types
89
NE terminology
noradrenalin; NT at sympathetic effector tissues in periphery, some produced in adrenal medulla, also NT in CNS
90
preganglionic terrminology
situated before a ganglion
91
postganglionic terminology
situated after a ganglion

Pharmacology N929 (11 decks)

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