Autonomic Nervous System - Structure

Question 1

ANS Type of control

Answer 1

Reflex control of smooth and cardiac muscle

Question 2

ANS regulation

Answer 2

Unconscious regulation of body’s internal environment

Question 3

ANS operates through

Answer 3

reflex arcs

Question 4

Components of reflex arcs

Answer 4

Input
Central Relay
Output

Question 5

ANS Inputs

Answer 5

Thermoreceptors - Temperature
Nociceptor - Pain
Chemoreceptors - Chemical changes
Baroreceptors - Blood pressure

Question 6

Input receptors can be found

Answer 6

Heart
Blood vessels
Lungs
Kidneys
Gut
Bladder
Other

Question 7

ANS Outputs

Answer 7

Autonomic Nerve Fibres

Question 8

Two divisions of ANS are based on

Answer 8

Anatomical and physiological differences

Question 9

Two divisions of ANS are

Answer 9

1. Sympathetic Nervous System

2. Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 10

The sympathetic Nervous System is also known as

Answer 10

Thoracolumbar division

Question 11

Nerves leave the SNS from

Answer 11

Thoracic T1-T12

Lumbar L1-L3

Question 12

Sympathetic Trunk of Ganglia is also known as

Answer 12

Sympathetic Chain

Question 13

PSN is also known as

Answer 13

Craniosacral division

Question 14

PSN nerves leave from

Answer 14

Cranial Region

Sacral S1-S3

Question 15

What is a dual innervation?

Answer 15

Input from SNS and PSN

Question 16

SNS is energy

Answer 16

expending

Question 17

PSN is energy

Answer 17

conserving

Question 18

The balance between SNS and PSN is co-ordinated by

Answer 18

hypothalamus

Question 19

PSN dominates

Answer 19

at rest

Question 20

SNS become active when

Answer 20

energy expenditure is required

Question 21

Neurotransmitters of ANS

Answer 21

Acetylcholine

Noradrenaline

Question 22

Neurotransmitters of ANS bind to

Answer 22

post-ganglionic receptors neurons or on target organs

Same transmitter different actions

Question 23

SNS and PSN output is a

Answer 23

two-neurone output pathway

Question 24

ANS two neurones meet at the

Answer 24

autonomic ganglion

Question 25

Neuron 1 and 2 are called?

Answer 25

pre-ganglionic nerve fibre (1) | post-ganglionic nerve fibre (2)

Question 26

SNS - Pre-ganglionic nerve is

Answer 26

Short

Question 27

SNS - Post-ganglionic nerve fibre is

Answer 27

Long

Question 28

PSN - Pre-ganglionic nerve fibre is

Answer 28

Long

Question 29

PSN - Post-ganglionic nerve fibre is

Answer 29

short

Question 30

Anatomical differences SNS and PSN

Answer 30

SNS nerve fibres leave the spinal cord at the THORACOLUMBAR division of the ANS. PSN nerve fibres leave the spinal cord at the CRANIOSACRAL division of the ANS. SNS pre-ganglionic nerve fibre is short, and the post-ganglionic nerve fibre is long. PSN pre-ganglionic nerve fibre is long, and the post-ganglionic nerve fibre is short.

Question 31

Physiological difference between SNS and PSN

Answer 31

Both use acetylcholine (ACh) at the ganglion At target organ: SNS uses Noradrenaline (NA) - except at sweat glands where ACh is used. PSN uses ACh

Question 32

What action do SNS and PSN have on the heart

Answer 32

SNS - Increases heart rate | PSN - Decreases heart rate

Question 33

Adrenal Gland is situated

Answer 33

on top or near kidneys

Question 34

Role of Adrenal Medulla

Answer 34

Acts as a combination of the sympathetic ganglion and a gland. Secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline into the circulation (blood) The effect is prolonged and distant actions