Autonomic Pharm

Question 1

What are the various neurotransmitters involved in the nervous system?

Answer 1

ACh
NE

Question 2

What are the effects of the SNS and PNS on the heart?

Answer 2

SNS - HR increases

PNS - HR decreases

Question 3

What are the effects of the SNS and PNS on the eyes?

Answer 3

SNS - pupil dilation

PNS - pupil constriction

Question 4

What are the effects of SNS and PNS on the salivary glands?

Answer 4

SNS - inhibits salivation

PNS - stimulates salivation

Question 5

What are the effects of SNS and PNS on the bronchioles?

Answer 5

SNS - relaxes

PNS - constricts

Question 6

What are the effects of SNS and PNS on the urinary bladder?

Answer 6

SNS - relaxes bladder

PNS - contracts bladder

Question 7

What are the effects of SNS and PNS on the digestive system?

Answer 7

SNS - inhibits digestive activity

PNS - stimulates digestive activity

Question 8

What are the two cholinergic receptors?

Answer 8

Ach binds to these

1. Nicotinic
2. Muscarinic

Nicotinic - respond to nicotine and acetylcholine

Muscarinic - respond to muscarine and acetylcholine

Question 9

What are the effects of Ach at nicotinic receptors?

Answer 9

Stimulatory

Found in:
- motor end plates of skeletal muscle cells
- all ganglionic neurons
- hormone-producing cells of adrenal medulla

Question 10

What are the effects of ACh at muscarinic receptors?

Answer 10

• be either inhibitory or excitatory
• depends on the receptor type of the targeted organ

Question 11

What are the two types adrenergic receptors?

Answer 11

alpha and beta

Question 12

What does the effect of NE depend on regarding adrenergic receptors?

Answer 12

on which subclass of receptor predominates on the target organ

Question 13

What are the direct acting cholinergic agonist?

Answer 13

bethaneochol
pilocarpine
methacholine
carbachol

Question 14

What are the indirect-acting cholinergic agonist for alzheimers?

Answer 14

doneprizel
rivastigmine
Galantamine

Question 15

What are the indirect-acting cholinergic agonist for myasthenia gravis?

Answer 15

neostigmine
pyridostigmine
edrophonium
ambenonium

Question 16

What are the indirect-acting cholinergic agonist for glaucoma?

Answer 16

physostigmine
echotriopate

Question 17

Direct-acting

What are the adverse reactions of bethanechol?

Answer 17

abdominal discomfort
urinary urgency
flushing of skin
brochial constriction
asthma attacks

Question 18

Direct-acting

What are the adverse reactions of pilocarpine?

Answer 18

Blurred vision
eye irritation
decreased night vision
headache
increased sweating and salivation

Teat dryness of the mouth and throat due to decrease in the amount of saliva that may occur after radiation treatment for cancer

Question 19

Direct-acting

What are the adverse reactions of methacholine?

Answer 19

allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives
swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
breathing problems.

Question 20

Direct-acting

What are the adverse reactions of carbachol?

Answer 20

blurry vision
flushing
stomach pain
headache
tightness in the bladder

mimics the actions of acetylcholine in the body

Question 21

Direct-acting

What the mechanism of action for bethanechol?

Answer 21

targets the muscrinic
= increases tonicity in the detrusor muscle and stimulating gastric mobility

taken to treat certain disorders of the urinary tract or bladder

Question 22

Direct-acting

What is the mechanism of action for pilocarpine?

Answer 22

targets the muscarinic receptor
= decreasing the fluid in the eye > decreased eye pressure

treating glaucoma

Question 23

Direct acting

What is the mechanism of action for metacholide?

Answer 23

binding to muscarinic receptor = causing brochoconstriction which helps diagnose asthma

Question 24

Direct-acting

What is the mechanism of action for carbachol?

Answer 24

activate muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors = to treat glaucoma

Question 25

What are the common adverse effects of cholinergic stimulants?

Answer 25

Diarrhea Urination Muscle weakness (miosis) Bronchorrea Bradycardia Emesis Lacrimation Salivation | DUMBBELS - from a video

Question 26

What are the names of anti-cholinergic drugs? | Picture because you know why ## Footnote Also their mechanism of action and clinical use

Answer 26

Question 27

# Adrenergic What are some alpha-1 selective agonist drugs? | Has MOA and drugs on a picture

Answer 27

Mechanism of action: binding to and activating alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

Question 28

# Adrenergic What are the adverse effects of alpha 1 agonist?

Answer 28

- increased BP - headaches - slower HR (because of reflex brady)

Question 29

# Adrenergic What are some alpha-2 selective agonist drugs? | Has MOA and drugs are picture

Answer 29

Mechanism of action: stimulating alpha-2 receptors in the CNS

Question 30

# Adrenergic What are the adverse effects of alpha-2 selective agonist?

Answer 30

Dizziness drowsiness dry mouth

Question 31

# Adrenergic What are some beta-1 selective drugs? | Has MOA and drugs are picture

Answer 31

MOA: binding to receptors in the heart = faster HR and pumping with more force

Question 32

# Adrenergic What are adverse effects of beta-1 selective agonist?

Answer 32

Chest pain cardiac arrhythmias SOB

Question 33

# Adrenergic What are some beta-2 selective agonist? | Has MOA and drugs are picture

Answer 33

MOA: binding to beta-2 adrenergic receptors (β2ARs) in airway smooth muscle cells and relaxing them

Question 34

# Adrenergic What are the adverse effects of beta-2 selective agonist?

Answer 34

Nervousness restlessness trembling

Question 35

# non-selective adrenergic What are some non-selective adrenergic drugs? | Has MOA and drugs are picture

Answer 35

MOA: these are drugs with mixed alpha- and beta-agonist activity

Question 36

# Adrenergic What are some alpha-1 selective antagonist drugs? | Has MOA and drugs in picture

Answer 36

MOA: prevents norepinephrine (NE) from activating alpha-1 receptors = vasodilation and lower BP ## Footnote the -osin

Question 37

# Adrenergic What are the adverse effects of alpha-1 selective antagonist?

Answer 37

reflex tachycardia orthostatic hypotension dizziness

Question 38

# Adrenergic antagonist What are some beta-1 selective antagonists drugs? | Has MOA and drugs are picture

Answer 38

MOA: binding to beta-1 receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscle ## Footnote All the olol

Question 39

# Adrenergic antagonist What are some non-selective blocker drugs? | Has MOA and drugs are picture

Answer 39

MOA: blocking all beta receptors

Question 40

What are the adverse effects of beta-adrenergic antagonists?

Answer 40

bronchoconstriction increase in airway resistance (cuz beta 2 antagonism) bradycardia dizziness depression lethargic

Question 41

Summary of autonomic pharm | Chart that has everything for autonomic

Answer 41