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Pharmacology > Autonomic Pharmacology > Flashcards

Autonomic Pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

origin of preganglionic neurons - Sympathetic NS

A

T/S

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2
Q

origin of preganglionic neurons - parasympathetic NS

A

Brain stem: CN 3,7,9,10
S2-S4

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3
Q

location of autonomic ganglia - sympathetic NS

A

vertebral/prevertebral

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4
Q

location of autonomic ganglia - parasympathetic NS

A

in or near the effector organs

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5
Q

length of the preganglionic axons - Sympathetic NS

A

short

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6
Q

length of preganglionic axons - parasympathetic NS

A

long

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7
Q

length of post ganglionic axons - sympathetic NS

A

long

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8
Q

length of postganglionic axons - parasympathetic NS

A

short

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9
Q

Effector organs of the sympathetic NS

A

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle (controls BP at rest), glands (sweat glands)

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10
Q

Effector organ of the parasympathetic NS

A

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

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11
Q

neuroeffector junctions of the sympathetic NS

A

diffuse, not located in one location

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12
Q

neuroeffector junctions of the parasympathetic NS

A

diffuse, not located in one location

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13
Q

Neurotransmitter and receptor in the ganglion of the sympathetic NS

A

AcH, nicotinic receptor

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14
Q

neurotransmitter and receptor in the ganglion of the parasympathetic NS

A

AcH, nicotinic receptor

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15
Q

neurotransmitter in effector organs of the sympathetic NS

A

Norepinephrine (except sweat)

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16
Q

neurotransmitter in the effector organs of the parasympathetic NS

A

AcH

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17
Q

what are the receptor types in the effector organs - sympathetic NS

A

a1,a2,B1, B2

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18
Q

what are the receptor types in the effector organs - parasympathetic NS

A

M1-M4 (muscarinic)

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19
Q

what is the role of the sympathetic NS

A

“fight or flight”
- blood flow to heart and skeletal muscles
- brochodilation
- liver releases glucose to provide energy

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20
Q

unique roles of the sympathetic NS / Sympathetic tone

A
  • controls BP at rest (through vasoconstriction)
  • sweat glands, medulla, and blood vessels only receive sympathetic fibers
  • controls thermoregulary, renin release, and metabolic effects.
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21
Q

role of the parasympathetic NS

A

“rest and digest”
S: Salvation
L: Lachrymation
U: Urination
D: Defection

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22
Q

what input is AcH on nicotinic receptor

A

ALWAYS Stimulatory

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23
Q

what do B1 receptors typically do

A

part of the sympathetic NS and they increase the actions at the heart

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24
Q

what do parasympathetic M receptors do at the heart

A

decrease the actions at the heart

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25
what are the actions of a1 receptors in the sympathetic nervous system
Constriction of sphincters, skeletal muscle and dilation of the pupils
26
what are the actions of the a2 receptors in the sympathetic NS
relaxes the muscles of the GI
27
what is the role of B1 in the sympathetic NS
increases the action at the heart
28
what is the role of the B2 receptors in the sympathetic NS
dilate and relax the skin, skeletal muscle (aka bladder) and lungs
29
what are M2 receptors of the parasympathetic NS found on
the heart
30
what are M3 receptors of the parasympathetic NS found on
smooth muscle and the detrusor muscle
31
what is the primary therapeutic action of alpha 1 selective agonists
reduce nasal congestion
32
what are the alpha 1 selective agonists drugs
( -"rine" & -"line") 1) phenylephrine 2) pseudoedrine 3) oxymetazoline 4) xylometazoline
33
what are the adverse effects of alpha 1 selective agonists
- increase BP leads to decrease HR (reflex brady) - headache (heart and head)
34
what is the therapeutic effect of alpha 2 selective agonist drugs
anti HTN
35
alpha 2 selective agonist drugs
1) clonidine 2) methydopa
36
what are the adverse effects of alpha 2 selective agonists
the 3 Ds 1) dizziness 2) dry mouth 3) drowsiness
37
what are the alpha 1 selective antagonists (alpha blockers)
drugs that end in (-osin) with the exception of phenocybezamine with controls BP for the removal of pheochromaytoma
38
what is the function of alpha 1 angonists (alpha blockers)
1) anti HTN 2) urinatry retention and symptoms for benign prostatic hyperplasia
39
adverse effects of alpha 1 antagonists (alpha blockers)
1) reflex tachy (decrease BP leading to increase HR) 2) orthostatic hypotension 3) dizziness
40
beta 1 selective agonists drugs
end in -amine 1) dobutamine 2) dopamine
41
what are the therapeutic effects of beta 1 agonists
increases HR
42
what are the adverse effects of beta 1 selective agonists
the ABCs of the heart 1) A: arrhythmia 2) B: SOB 3) C: chest pain
43
what is the therapeutic function of beta 2 selective agonists
brochodilation
44
what are the beta 2 agonist drugs
1) Albuterol 2) salmeterol 3) terbutaline: helps to delay preterm labor
45
what are the adverse effects of B2 selective agonists
nervousness, restlessness, trembling
46
beta 1 selective antagonists (beta blockers) therapeutic function
decrease BP and HR - used for heart failure
47
what are the beta 1 secetive antagonist drugs
(olol) 1) atenolol 2) bisoprolol 3) metoprolol 4) esmolol
48
what are the mixed B1 and B2 antagonists
1) propranolol 2) timolol
49
what is the therapeutic function of propranolol
decrease BP and treat migraines
50
what are the adverse effects of beta blockers
1) bronchoconstriction 2) bradycardia 3) dizziness 4) depression 5) lethargy
51
what do direct acting cholinergic agonists do
mimic Ach at the cholinergic receptors
52
what do indirect acting cholinergic agonists do
ACE inhibitor
53
direct acting cholinergic agents
1) bethanechol 2) pilocarpine 3) methacholine 4) carbachol 5) nicotine
54
what is the therapeutic use of bethanechol
post op Gi and urinary atony - increases toicity in the detrusor muscle
55
what are the adverse reactions of bethanechol
- urinary urgency - flushing of skin - bronchial constriction - asthma attacks
56
what is the therapeutic use of pilocarpine
used to treat glaucoma; decreases the fluid in the eye which reduces pressure in eyes
57
what are the adverse effects of pilocarpine
- blurred vision - decreased night vision - eye irritation - headache - increased sweating and salvation
58
what is methacholine theraputic use
dx asthma - bronchoconstrictor
59
what is the theraputic use carbachol
treat glaucoma
60
what are the drugs that are used to treat alzheimers
1) Donepezil 2) Rivastigmine 3) Galantamine
61
what are the drugs that are used to treat myasthenia gravis
1) neostigmine 2) pyridostigmine 3) edrophonium 4) ambenonium
62
what are the drugs that are used to treat glaucoma
1) physostigmine 2) echothipate
63
what are the common adverse effects of cholinergic agonists
- increase (SLUD) - brochoconstriction - bradycardia - difficulty in visual accommodation due to pupil constriction.
64
Atropine
anti-cholinergic (M antagonist); used to treat bradycardia and dilate pupils
65
scopolamine
anti-cholinergic (M antagonist); used to treat motion sickness
66
Ipratropium bromide / tiotropium bromide
anti-cholinergic (M antagonist): COPD and asthma
67
oxybutynin/tolterodine
anti-cholinergic (M antagonist); used to treat overactive bladder
68
benztropine
anti-cholinergic (M antagonist); PD (reduce tremor and rigidity)
69
tropicamide
anti-cholinergic (M antagonist); used to dilate the eyes
70
dicyclomine
anti-cholinergic (M antagonist); IBS
71
Hyoscyamine
anti-cholinergic (M antagonist); GI disorders
72
PT considerations beta blockers
lower HR and BP: monitor vitals pts might be fatigued quicker then normal
73
PT considerations alpha blockers
cause orthostatic hypotension
74
PT considerations for clonidine
cause orthostatic hypotension and dizziness
75
PT considerations for Anticholinergics
cause dry mouth with can cause discomfort during exercise. they also decrease sweating which can lead to overheating
76
PT considerations for beta agonists
bronchodilators used in COPD/ashma - make sure pt has their inhalers with them
77
PT considerations for ACE inhibitors
can cause bradycardia - monitor vitals

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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