Autonomic pharmacology Flashcards
(37 cards)
What are the things the hypothalamus controls (in this lecture)
temperature control
water balance
eating behavior
What are the things the medulla controls (in this lecture)
urinary bladder control
secondary respiratory center
blood pressure control
respiratory center
what does it mean that most organs are under antagonistic control
they are controlled by two opposing forces, one excitatory and one inhibitory
what is the exception to dual innervention
vessel diameter controlled by only sympathetic innervation
more NE = constriction
less NE = dilation
What are the targets of autonomic neurons
smooth muscle (many internal organs) cardiac muscle Many exocrine, some endocrine glands
sympathetic NS: where from the spinal cord it comes from: preganglionic neuron length neurotransmitter receptor postganglionic neuron length neurotransmitter receptor
thoracic and lumbar spine short preganglionic neuron Ach nicotinic long post ganglionic neuron NE adrenergic
parasympathetic NS: where from the spinal cord it comes from: preganglionic neuron length neurotransmitter receptor postganglionic neuron length neurotransmitter receptor
cephalo and caudal portions of the spine long preganglionic neuron Ach nicotinic short postganglionic neuron Ach muscarinic
What are the steps in NE release
- action potential arrives at variscocity
- depolarization opens Ca v channels
- Ca triggers exocytosis of vessels
- NE binds to adrenergic receptor
- NE diffuses
- NE can be taken back into synaptic vesicles
- NE is metabolized by MAO
Where do we find a1 adrenergic receptors?
more NE or E
most sympathetic tissues
more NE
Where do we find a2 adrenergic receptors?
more NE or E
GI and pancreas
More NE
Where do we find b1 adrenergic receptors?
more NE or E
heart muscle, kidney
NE = E
Where do we find b2 adrenergic receptors?
more NE or E
blood vessels, smooth muscle of some organs
E > NE
Where do we find b3 adrenergic receptors?
more NE or E
adipose
NE > E
What are the exceptions in the autonomic system
sweat glands are sympathetically innervated, but have AcH on muscarinic receptors at terminal end
renal smooth muscle is sympathetic but have dopamine
adrenal smooth muscle in sympathetic but terminates with AcH on nicotinic
what type of receptor is a nicotinic receptor
ligand-gated ion channel
what type of receptor is a muscarinic receptor
G-protein linked
Where are nicotinic ACh receptors located
skeletal muscle
autonomic ganglia
CNS
When are neuromuscular blocking drugs used
with anesthesia during treatment as a paralyzing agent
What are the two types of neuromuscular blocking drugs
depolarizing neuromuscular junction blockers
nondepolarizing competitive blockers
what is succinylcholine
a depolarizing neuromuscular junction blocker
what is curare
a nondepolarizing competitive blocker
What is dantrolene? and what is it used for
a skeletal muscle relaxer that doesn’t act at the NMJ it blocks release of Ca from the ER.
prophylactically from malignant hyperthemia
what does botox do and how does it work
it blocks release from the synaptic vesicles, which means no contractions or wrinkles
what does nicotene do
nicotinic ACHr agonist
