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SS- CMOD Block 2 > Autonomics > Flashcards

Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

List of neurons Ach acts on

A
  1. ALL pre-ganglionic neurons
  2. ALL parasympathetic post-ganglionic
  3. sympathetic post ganglionic to sweat gland
  4. ONLY one neuron to adrenal medulla ->NE and Epi
  5. voluntary motor
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2
Q

List of neurons NE acts on

A

post-ganglionic sympathetics

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3
Q

Pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons act on what type of receptor?

A

nicotinic

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4
Q

Pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons act on what type of receptor?

A

nicotinic

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5
Q

Post-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons act on what type of receptor?

A

muscarinic

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6
Q

Post ganglionic sympathetic neurons act on what type of receptor?

A

alpha and beta

EXCEPTION: sweat glands have muscarinic receptor

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7
Q

SNS effects on heart

A

B1, B2: increase SA, pacemaker, contractility

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8
Q

PNS effects on heart

A

M2: decrease SA node, atrial contractility

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9
Q

SNS effects on vasculature

A

alpha: constrict skin, splanchnic
B2: relax skeletal musle

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10
Q

PNS effects on vasculature

A

NONE in humans

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11
Q

SNS effects on GI tract

A

alpha2, B2: relax wall

alpha1: contract sphincter
alpha2: decrease secretion

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12
Q

PNS effects on GI tract

A

M3: contract wall, relax sphincter, increase secretion

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13
Q

SNS effects on bronchial smooth muscle

A

B2: relax

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14
Q

PNS effects on bronchial smooth muscle

A

M3: contract

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15
Q

SNS effects on GU tract

A

B2: detrussor muscle relax

alpha1: sphincter contract
alpha: ejaculation

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16
Q

PNS effects on GU tract

A

M2: detrussor contracts, sphincter relaxes
M: erection

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17
Q

SNS effects on skin

A

alpha: apocrine (stress) sweat

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18
Q

PNS effects on skin

A

M: thermaregulatory sweat

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19
Q

SNS metabolic effects

A

alpha, B2: increase glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis

B1: increase renin release

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20
Q

PNS metabolic effects

21
Q

phenylephrine

A

alpha agonist
Tx: hypotension, nasal congestion
AE: elevated BP, reflex bradycardia, urinary retention

22
Q

phentolamine

A

alpha 1 and 2 antagonist
Tx: dermal necrosis, HTN, BPH, Raynaud’s syndrome
AE: reflex tachycardia, weakness, dizziness, flushing, orthostatic hypotension, nasal congestion

23
Q

prazosin

A

alpha 1 antagonist
Tx: dermal necrosis, HTN, BPH, Raynaud’s syndrome
AE: reflex tachycardia, weakness, dizziness, flushing, orthostatic hypotension, nasal congestion

24
Q

isoproterenol

A

B1 and B2 agonist
Tx: bradycardia, cardiac arrest, AV block
Serious AE: ventricular arrhythmia, tachyarrhythmia, HTN, pulmonary edema
Common AE: tachycardia, angina, dizziness, flushing, orthostatic hypotension, nasal congestion

25
dobutamine
B1 agonist Tx: bradycardia, cardiac arrest, AV block Serious AE: ventricular arrhythmia, tachyarrhythmia, HTN, pulmonary edema Common AE: tachycardia, angina, dizziness, flushing, orthostatic hypotension, nasal congestion
26
albuterol
B2 agonist
27
atenolol
B1 antagonist Tx: angina, HTN SAE: CHF, ventricular arrhythmia, severe bradycardia, MI if abrupt D/C, Raynaud's syndrome, bronchospasm CAE: bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, dyspnea, bronchospasm, cold extremities
28
propranolol
B1 and B2 Tx: angina, HTN SAE: CHF, ventricular arrhythmia, severe bradycardia, MI if abrupt D/C, Raynaud's syndrome, bronchospasm CAE: bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, dyspnea, bronchospasm, cold extremities
29
norepinephrine
alpha1, alpha2, B1 agonist SAE: severe HTN, bradycardia, asthma exacerbation, extrvasational necrosis, bronchospasm, cold extremities, dyspnea *low dose: alpha>beta
30
epinephrine
alpha1, alpha2, B1, B2 agonist | SAE: severe HTN, cerebral hemorrhage, arrhythmia, tissue necrosis (IM, SC), diaphoresis
31
baroreceptors
sense change in BP and will cause a rebound effect to try to get back to set point 1. give drug to treat HTN -> decrease BP -> baroreceptor -> reflex tachycardia 2. give drug for hypotension -> increase BP -> baroreceptor -> reflex bradycardia
32
tamsulosin
alpha1 agonist | Tx: anaejaculation
33
bethanechol
M agonist Tx: urinary retention, ileus SAE: bronchospasm, hypotension, tachycardia CAE: urinary urgency, vasomotor response, diarrhea, diaphoresis
34
atropine
M antagonist Tx: bradycardia, aspiration prophylaxis, block cardio-vagal responses SAE: bradycardia, heatstroke, tachycardia CAE: xerostomia (dry mouth), constipation, dry hot skin
35
Autonomic regulation of the eye
DOMINANT tone: PNS iris radial contraction: alpha 1 iris circular contraction: M3 ciliary muscle contraction: M3
36
Definition and induction of mydriasis
dilation of the eye | Induction: atropine, scopolamine, epinephrine, phenylephrine
37
Definition and induction of miosis
contraction of the eye | Induction: acetylcholine chloride, carbachol, pilocarpine
38
Glaucoma Tx
metipranolol, timolol | to reduce aqueous humor production
39
Organs with predominantly parasympathetic tone
1. heart 2. iris 3. ciliary muscle 4. GI tract 5. smooth muscle 6. bladder 7. salivary glands 8. lacrimal glands
40
Organs with predominantly sympathetic tone
1. arteries 2. veins 3. sweat glands
41
B1
1. Heart: increase SA, pacemaker, contractility | 2. renin release
42
B2
1. Heart: increase SA, pacemaker, contractility 2. vasodilation (skeletal muscle) 3. decrease peristalsis 4. bronchodilation 5. relax detrussor 6. increase glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis
43
alpha 1 and alpha 2
1. vasoconstriction to skin and splanchnic 2. ejaculation 3. apocrine sweat 4. increase glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis
44
alpha 1
1. sphincters contract | vasoconstriction to skin and splanchnic, ejaculation, apocrine sweat, increase glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
45
alpha 2
1. decrease peristalsis and secretion | vasoconstriction to skin and splanchnic, ejaculation, apocrine sweat, increase glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
46
M2
1. decrease SA node, contractility 2. contract detrussor and relax bladder sphincter (erection, thermoregulatory sweat)
47
M3
1. increase peristalsis and secretions, relax GI sphincter 2. contract bronchioles (erection, thermoregulatory sweat)
48
M
1. erection | 2. thermoregulatory sweat

SS- CMOD Block 2 (16 decks)

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