Autonomics

Question 1

What is the applications for clonidine?

Answer 1

hypertensive urgency (renal blood flow preserved)
ADHD
Tourettes

Question 2

What are the toxicity of clonidine?

Answer 2

CNS depression
Resp depression
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Miosis

Question 3

what are the applications for a-methyl dopa?

Answer 3

hypertension in pregnancy

Question 4

What are the toxicities for a-methyl dopa?

Answer 4

combs positive hemolytic anemia

SLE -like syndrome

Question 5

Applications for phenoxybenzamine?

Answer 5

irreversible alpha blockers for control of pheo (catecholamine HT crisis)

Question 6

What are the side effects of phenoxybenzamine?

Answer 6

orthostatic hypotension

reflex tachycardia

Question 7

What are the applications for phentolamine?

Answer 7

Control for people who eat tyronine containing food on MAO inhibitors

Question 8

What are the toxcities for phentolamine?

Answer 8

orthostatic hypotension

reflex tachycardia

Question 9

What are the functions of mao inhibitors?

Answer 9

prevent the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters catecholamines, neurotransmitters

Question 10

MAO toxicity with tyromine containing foods

Answer 10

HT crisis
(liver, alcoholic beverages, aged cheese)
Increases NE release

Question 11

What are MAO inhibitors?

Answer 11

Nardil, Parmate, Marplan

Question 12

What is prazosin used to treat?

Answer 12

BPH, HT, PTSD (only prazosin)

Question 13

What is tamsulosin used to treat?

Answer 13

just BPH

Question 14

What is the toxicities of alph1 selective blockers?

Answer 14

1st use orthostatic HT, dizziness, headache

Question 15

What is the name of the a2 receptor blocker?

Answer 15

mirtazapine

Question 16

What is mirtazapine used to treat?

Answer 16

depression

Question 17

What are the side effects of mirtazapine?

Answer 17

sedation, increase serum cholesterol, increased appetite

Question 18

Fetal effects of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 18

Renal damage

Question 19

Fetal effects of alkalating agents?

Answer 19

absence of digits, multiple anomalies

Question 20

Fetal effects of aminoglycosides

Answer 20

Ototoxicity (CN VIII tox)

Question 21

Fetal effect of carbamazepine?

Answer 21

Facial dysmorphism, developmental delay, neural tube defects, phalynx and fingernail hypoplasia

Question 22

Fetal effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Answer 22

vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenital mullerian anomalies

Question 23

Fetal effect of folate antagonists

Answer 23

neural tube defects

Question 24

Fetal effect of isotretinoin

Answer 24

(acutane)

multiple severe anomalies

Question 25

Fetal effect of lithium

Answer 25

Ebstien anomaly

Question 26

Fetal effect of methimazole

Answer 26

Aplasia cutis congenita

Question 27

Fetal effect of phenytoin

Answer 27

fetal hydantoin syndrome: cleft palate, cardiac defects, phalynx/fingernail hypoplasia

Question 28

Fetal effects of tetracycline

Answer 28

Discoloration of teeth

Question 29

Fetal effects of thalidomide

Answer 29

limb defects (phocomelia, micromelia, "flipper limbs")

Question 30

Fetal defects associated with valproate

Answer 30

inhibits maternal folate absorption and causes neural tube defects

Question 31

Fetal defects associated with warfarin?

Answer 31

Fetal hemorrhage and abortion | Bone defects, opthalmologic abnormalities

Question 32

Fetal defects associated with cocaine use

Answer 32

abnormal fetal growth and addiction | Placental abruption

Question 33

Fetal defects associated with smoking

Answer 33

``` low birth weight (MCC low birth weight developed countries) preterm labor placenta problems IUGR ADHAD ```

Question 34

Fetal defects associated with lack or excess of iodine

Answer 34

Goiter or hypothyroidism --> cretinism

Question 35

Fetal defects associated with maternal diabetes

Answer 35

Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia) congenital heart defects (TGA) neural tube defects

Question 36

Fetal defects associated with vit A excess

Answer 36

``` High risk for spontaneous abortion Birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac issues) ```

Question 37

Fetal defects associated with x-ray exposure

Answer 37

``` microcephaly intellectual disability (minimize by lead shielding) ```

Question 38

What is the mcc intellectual disability in the US

Answer 38

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 39

What are the defects of fetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 39

retardation, microcephaly, facial issues (smooth philtrum, hypertelorism = wide spaced eyes), limb dislocation, and heart defects Most severe = heart-lung fistulas, holoprosencephaly

Question 40

Why does alcohol cause fetal problems?

Answer 40

Interferes with cell migration