Autumn Term A

Question 1

By what process do bacteria divide?

Answer 1

Binary fission.

Question 2

Define excretion.

Answer 2

Excretion is the removal of waste products from an organism.

Question 3

Define growth.

Answer 3

An increase in the size or number of cells.

Question 4

Define homeostasis.

Answer 4

Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions despite changes in the external environment.

Question 5

Define organ.

Answer 5

A collection of several tissues working together.

Question 6

Define respiration

Answer 6

Respiration is the release of energy through the from a molecule such as glucose.

Question 7

Define sensitivity.

Answer 7

Sensitivity is the ability to respond to changes in the surroundings.

Question 8

Define tissue.

Answer 8

A group of cells with similar function.

Question 9

How do bacterial cells differ from Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 9

Peptidoglycan cell wall; no nucleus; DNA in the form of a loop; DNA not packaged around histone proteins; plasmids; no mitochondria/chloroplasts.

Question 10

How is the permeability of cell walls described?

Answer 10

All cell walls are completely permeable to molecules.

Question 11

How large is a typical bacterial cell?

Answer 11

1 - 2 μm

Question 12

How many chromosomes does a typical human cell contain?

Answer 12

46 (23 pairs).

Question 13

How many mm are in one μm?

Answer 13

0.001

Question 14

In what two ways can an organism grow?

Answer 14

By enlarging cells by increasing the volume of cytoplasm. By cell division, which will increase the number of cells in the organism.

Question 15

In which organelle does respiration take place?

Answer 15

Mitochondrion (plural mitochondria).

Question 16

List four components of a typical animal cell.

Answer 16

Cell surface membrane; cytoplasm; nucleus; ribosomes; mitochondria.

Question 17

List four components of a typical fungal cell.

Answer 17

Cell surface membrane; cytoplasm; nucleus; permanent vacuole; ribosomes; mitochondria; chitin cell wall.

Question 18

List four components of a typical plant cell.

Answer 18

Cell surface membrane; cytoplasm; nucleus; ribosomes; mitochondria; chloroplast; permanent vacuole; cell wall.

Question 19

Name two chemicals that humans excrete.

Answer 19

Carbon dioxide and urea.

Question 20

Name two types of nucleic acid.

Answer 20

DNA and RNA.

Question 21

State three requirements for bacteria to grow in the laboratory.

Answer 21

1. A suitable temperature. 2. Water. 3. Nutrients such as glucose.

Question 22

What are the tenets of cell theory?

Answer 22

All organisms are made up of cells. The cell is the smallest unit of life. Cells can only be derived from pre-existing cells.

Question 23

What is a bacterial colony?

Answer 23

A group of bacteria that have formed from one original bacterial cell.

Question 24

What is a gene?

Answer 24

A section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein.

Question 25

What is a pathogenic bacterium?

Answer 25

A disease-causing bacterium.

Question 26

What is a Prokaryote?

Answer 26

A bacterial cell.

Question 27

What is autotrophic nutrition?

Answer 27

Autotrophs synthesise their own organic food molecules from carbon dioxide.

Question 28

What is chlorophyll?

Answer 28

The green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy.

Question 29

What is egestion?

Answer 29

Egestion is the removal from the body of undigested food in the form of faeces.

Question 30

What is fermentation?

Answer 30

Anaerobic respiration (without oxygen).

Question 31

What is heterotrophic nutrition?

Answer 31

Heterotrophic organisms use pre-existing organic food molecules.

Question 32

What is stored in a vacuole?

Answer 32

Water, mineral ions, sugars, pigments.

Question 33

What is the cell surface membrane made of?

Answer 33

Lipids and protein.

Question 34

What is the cell wall made of in (a) plants (b) fungi (c) bacteria?

Answer 34

(a) cellulose (b) chitin (c) peptidoglycan.

Question 35

What is the difference between a Prokaryotic cell and a Eukaryotic cell?

Answer 35

Prokaryotes lack a membrane bound nucleus. Eukaryotes have DNA arranged into linear chromosomes.

Question 36

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 36

Aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria.

Question 37

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 37

It is where biochemical reactions take place.

Question 38

What is the liquid called in which bacterial are grown in a laboratory?

Answer 38

Nutrient broth.

Question 39

What is the name of the bacterium that causes cholera?

Answer 39

Vibrio cholerae.

Question 40

What is the name of the bacterium used to make yoghurt?

Answer 40

Lactobacillus.

Question 41

What is the purpose of a plant cell wall?

Answer 41

It gives the cell its shape and prevents the cell from bursting.

Question 42

What is the waste product of Lactobacillus?

Answer 42

Lactic acid.

Question 43

What substances are found in the vacuole of plant cells?

Answer 43

Water, dissolved ions, dissolved sugars.

Question 44

What term is used to describe the permeability of a cell surface membrane?

Answer 44

Selectively or partially permeable.

Question 45

Where are proteins made in a cell?

Answer 45

On ribosomes.

Question 46

Where does respiration occur in Eukaryotes?

Answer 46

In mitochondria.

Question 47

Where does respiration take place in bacteria?

Answer 47

In the cytoplasm.

Question 48

Which characteristic of life do viruses exhibit?

Answer 48

Reproduction.

Question 49

Which components of a cell are found in all types of cell?

Answer 49

Cell membrane; cytoplasm; ribosomes.

Question 50

Which four components do all cells possess?

Answer 50

Cell surface membrane; Cytoplasm; DNA; Ribosomes.

Question 51

Which organisms are Prokaryotes?

Answer 51

Bacteria.

Question 52

Which process occurs in chloroplasts?

Answer 52

Photosynthesis.

Question 53

Which unit is most appropriate to measure the size of cells?

Answer 53

Micrometre (μm)

Question 54

Why do organisms need to excrete waste products?

Answer 54

They may be toxic at high concentrations.

Question 55

Why do you use aseptic technique when working with bacteria?

Answer 55

To avoid contaminating your experiment and to avoid contaminating you.

Question 56

Why is working by a Bunsen burner part of aseptic technique?

Answer 56

It creates an updraft which will carry airborne bacteria up and away from your experiment.

Question 57

Why is yoghurt thicker than milk?

Answer 57

The lactic acid lowers the pH which causes proteins to become insoluble.