Autumn Term B

Question 1

Describe how fungi feed.

Answer 1

They secrete enzymes on to food, then products are absorbed across cell membrane (external digestion).

Question 2

Give one example of a virus.

Answer 2

Influenza / HIV / measles / tobacco mosaic virus.

Not AIDS.

Question 3

In what form do animal cells store carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Glycogen.

Question 4

In what form do fungal cells store carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Glycogen.

Question 5

In what form do plant cells store carbohydrates?

Answer 5

Starch.

Question 6

In what way do fungi differ from plants?

Answer 6

Nutrition (heterotrophic, not autotrophic), cell wall (chitin, not cellulose) and storage molecule (glycogen, not starch).

Question 7

List the major groups in the Linnean system of classification.

Answer 7

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Question 8

Name a disease caused by a Protoctist.

Answer 8

Malaria.

Question 9

Name the pathogen that causes pneumonia.

Answer 9

Pneumococcus.

Question 10

What are bacteriophages?

Answer 10

Viruses that infect bacteria.

Question 11

What are single-celled fungi called?

Answer 11

Yeasts.

Question 12

What are the five kingdoms?

Answer 12

Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protoctista, Bacteria.

Question 13

What characters define the animal kingdom?

Answer 13

Multicellular, heterotrophic, internal digestion, glycogen as storage molecule.

Question 14

What does a node (intersection of branches) represent in a phylogeny?

Answer 14

The common ancestor of the groups or species.

Question 15

What does a phylogeny show?

Answer 15

How recently organisms shared a common ancestor.

Question 16

What are the main features of the plant kingdom?

Answer 16

Multicellular, chloroplasts, cellulose cell wall, starch as storage molecule.

Question 17

What is a mutation?

Answer 17

A change in DNA or RNA.

Question 18

What is a mycelium made of?

Answer 18

Hyphae.

Question 19

What is a parasite?

Answer 19

An organism that derives its nutrition from another living organism.

Question 20

What is a phylogeny?

Answer 20

An evolutionary tree.

Question 21

What is a saprotroph?

Answer 21

An organism that feeds on dead organic matter.

Question 22

What is a shmoo?

Answer 22

A small outgrowth of a yeast cell forming a reproductive cell that can fuse with another shmoo.

Question 23

What is the biological definition of a species?

Answer 23

A group of organisms with many characteristics in common which can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Question 24

What is the cell wall of a plant cell made of?

Answer 24

Cellulose.

Question 25

What is the cell wall of fungi made of?

Answer 25

Chitin.

Question 26

What is the name for single-celled (unicellular) fungi?

Answer 26

Yeast.

Question 27

What two components are present in all virus cells?

Answer 27

Protein and nucleic acid.

Question 28

Which disease does Plasmodium cause?

Answer 28

Malaria.

Question 29

Which groups of plants have seeds?

Answer 29

Flowering plants (angiosperms) and conifers (gymnosperms).

Question 30

Which groups of plants lack vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)?

Answer 30

Bryophytes (mosses).

Question 31

Who devised the binomial system of naming organisms?

Answer 31

Carl Linnaeus.

Question 32

Why are Protoctista not considered a proper group?

Answer 32

They do not have any characters that define them; they are not all descended from the same common ancestor.

Question 33

Why are sponges unusual as members of the animal kingdom?

Answer 33

They lack a nervous system or any other defined organs or tissues.

Question 34

Why are viruses not considered living organisms?

Answer 34

They are not made of cells; they do not respire or carry out any other biochemical reactions.