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Ortho-Rheum > Avascular Necrosis > Flashcards

Avascular Necrosis Flashcards

1
Q

what is avascular necrosis?

A

an interruption to subchondral blood supply causing the death of cellular bone components

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2
Q

what is AVN also called?

A

osteonecrosis

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3
Q

what are the 3 most common sites of AVN?

A

femoral head
knee
humeral head

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4
Q

what is the most common location of AVN occurance?

A

hip

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5
Q

what are 3 causes of AVN?

A

fracture leading to damaged blood vessel

damage to inside of blood vessel (radiation)

clot to blood vessel

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6
Q

what are 4 major risk factors for developing AVN?

A

cellular toxicity
trauma
vascular abnormalities
bisphosphonate use > 5 yrs

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7
Q

what is the primary symptom of AVN?

A

pain

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8
Q

what is the 1st line imaging for AVN?

A

xray

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9
Q

what imaging is best for early diagnosis of AVN?

A

MRI

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10
Q

at what stage of AVN are xrays normal but MRI reveals death of bone?

A

stage I

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11
Q

at what stage of AVN do xrays show evidence of AVN without collapse of the femoral head?

A

stage II

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12
Q

at what stage of AVN do xrays show signs of collapse “crescent sign”?

A

stage III

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13
Q

at what stage of AVN do xrays show collapse and signs of cartilage damage (arthritis)?

A

stage IV

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14
Q

identify stage

A

stage II

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15
Q

identify stage

A

stage III

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16
Q

identify stage

A

stage IV

17
Q

identify stage

A

stage II

18
Q

identify stage

A

stage III

19
Q

identify stage

A

stage II

20
Q

what is the goal of treatment of AVN?

A

prevent further bone loss

21
Q

what is the treatment for AVN? (4)

A

NSAIDs
cholesterol-lowering drugs
blood thinners
+/- PT

22
Q

what is the possible surgical option for AVN if it is in an advanced stage without others options?

A

total hip arthroplasty

23
Q

what is a complication of AVN?

A

severe arthritis

24
Q

what is AVN of the femoral head in children called?

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

25
Q

what can occur if AVN in children is left untreated? (2)

A

permanent deformity
osteoarthritis as an adult

26
Q

a child presents with a painless limp, decreased hip ROM, and worsened pain during activity. Dx?

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

27
Q

in which children is Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease common in?

A

those exposed to second-hand smoke

28
Q

what is the nonsurgical treatment for Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease? (4)

A

bed rest
NSAIDs
casting/bracing
physical therapy

29
Q

what is the surgical option for Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease?

A

femoral osteotomy

Ortho-Rheum (27 decks)

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