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Ortho-Rheum > Orthopaedic Trauma Day 2 > Flashcards

Orthopaedic Trauma Day 2 Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

what nerve is at most risk in a humeral shaft fracture?

A

radial nerve

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2
Q

what kind of angulation is most common in a humeral shaft fracture?

A

varus angulation

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3
Q

what is the treatment for a humeral shaft fracture?

A

brace (allow for healing)

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4
Q

identify fracture and determine if displaced or not

A

humeral shaft fracture
not displaced/minimally displaced

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5
Q

identify fracture and determine if displaced or not

A

humeral shaft fracture
displaced

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6
Q

when is surgery indicated for a humeral shaft fracture? (5)

A

open
brachial plexus injury
varsus/valgus >30 degrees
ipsilateral forearm fracture (floating elbow)
compartment syndrome

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7
Q

what is at risk during surgery of a humeral shaft fracture?

A

radial nerve injury

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8
Q

identify fracture. treatment and why?

A

humeral shaft fracture
surgical management d/t angulation

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9
Q

identify fracture. treatment and why?

A

humeral shaft fracture
surgical management d/t angulation

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10
Q

identify fracture. treatment and why?

A

humeral shaft fracture
surgical management d/t open fracture

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11
Q

xray finding that is associated with intra-articular trauma to the elbow

A

fat pad sign

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12
Q

indicates elbow joint effusion, suggesting occult non-displaced intra-articular fracture

A

anterior fat pad sign (sail sign)

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13
Q

suggests occult non-displaced fracture

A

posterior fat pad sign

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14
Q

what kind of fracture occurs in children with a posterior fat pad sign?

A

condylar fracture

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15
Q

what kind of fracture occurs in adults with a posterior fat pad sign?

A

radial head fractures

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16
Q

identify arrows

A

anterior and posterior fat pad signs

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17
Q

what does an anterior or posterior fat pad sign indicate?

A

swelling - fracture near the elbow

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18
Q

what is the most common fracture of the elbow in adults?

A

radial head fracture

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19
Q

a patient presents with limitations in extension and supination of their arm, it is tender to palpation over lateral elbow. Dx?

A

radial head fracture

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20
Q

what is the treatment for radial head fracture?

A

sling and start ROM

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21
Q

Dx?

A

radial head fracture

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22
Q

leads to separation of the triceps and brachialis and loss of extensor mechanism of the elbow

A

olecranon fracture

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23
Q

what is the non-operative treatment for olecranon fractures?

A

long arm splint at 45 degrees

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24
Q

in which 2 cases does an olecranon fracture need surgical management?

A

displaced
loss of extensor mechanism

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25
identify fracture. displaced vs nondisplaced?
olecranon fracture non-displaced
26
identify fracture. displaced vs nondisplaced?
olecranon fracture displaced
27
what is the most common dislocation in kids?
elbow dislocation
28
what is the 2nd most common dislocation in adults?
elbow dislocation
29
are most elbow dislocations anterior or posterior? why?
posterior olecranon is big enough to go through coronoid process
30
are elbows most likely to dislocate while flexed or extended? why?
extended weaker position
31
identify
elbow dislocation
32
where should we check for potential fracture with an xray if a patient has a dislocated elbow?
coronoid process
33
how is an elbow dislocation most commonly treated initially?
closed reduction with sedation
34
what is the non-op management for a dislocated elbow? (2)
splint in 90 degrees x7-10 days early ROM
35
what is the most common complication of an elbow dislocation?
loss of elbow extension
36
what are some indications for surgical management of an elbow dislocation? (3)
complex fracture persistent instability post reduction failed closed reduction
37
when both the radius and ulnar shaft are broken
both bone forearm fracture
38
what is the universal treatment for a both bone forearm fracture in adults?
surgery
39
what is the initial management of a both bone forearm fracture in an adult? (2)
NV exam compartment syndrome evaluation
40
what splint can be used for a both bone forearm fracture in adults?
sugar tong splint
41
splint that prevents flexion and extension of the wrist and elbow and supination/pronation
sugar tong splint
42
identify
both bone forearm fracture
43
a very common fracture that makes parents hysterical since there is a visible deformity of the arm in their kid
both bone forearm fracture
44
what should always be done for a both bone forearm fracture in kids?
always xray elbow and wrist
45
what is the preferred treatment of a both bone forearm fracture in a kid?
splint accept much higher degrees of deformity during a closed reduction than in adults
46
what is a surgical option for a both bone forearm fracture in a kid?
flexible intermedullary nailing
47
what is the most common fracture in the lower forearm in young children?
buckle fracture of distal metaphysis of radius and ulna
48
how is a buckle fracture in kids managed? (2)
volar splint OR short arm cast
49
incomplete fracture of the cortex typically in children and commonly in the radius or ulna
greenstick fracture
50
why must we be careful during reduction of a greenstick fracture?
may overcorrect and cause a complete fracture
51
what is the treatment for a greenstick fracture?
long arm cast
52
identify
greenstick fracture
53
identify
buckle fracture
54
identify
buckle fracture
55
identify
greenstick fracture
56
fracture of the distal 1/3 radial shaft with injury of the distal radioulnar joint
galeazzi fracture
57
what is the treatment for a galeazzi fracture?
open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)
58
what splint can be used for a galeazzi fracture?
sugar tong splint
59
identify
galeazzi fracture
60
what type of variance is seen in this galeazzi fracture?
ulnar variance *ulna is taller than radius*
61
identify
galeazzi fracture
62
fracture of the proximal 1/3 of the ulna with dislocation of the radial head
monteggia fracture
63
what is the treatment for a monteggia fracture? (2)
sugar tong splint surgery
64
identify
monteggia fracture
65
identify
monteggia fracture
66
ulnar shaft fracture typically at the distal 1/3 junction
nightstick fracture
67
what is the treatment for a nightstick fracture? (2)
sugar splint ortho referral/surgery
68
identify
nightstick fracture
69
identify
nightstick fracture
70
what is a risk factor for a distal radius fracture?
osteoporosis
71
what is the immediate initial treatment for a distal radius fracture? (2)
reduce immobilize with sugar tong splint
72
if a patient has a distal radius fracture, extreme flexion of the wrist and ulnar deviation increases the risk of what?
carpal tunnel syndrome
73
identify
ulnar variance
74
identify
distal radius fracture
75
transverse distal radius fracture that is dorsally displaced and extra-articular
colles' fracture
76
transverse distal radius fracture that is volarly displaced and extra-articular
smith's fracture
77
fracture-dislocation of the radiocarpal joint that is intra-articular and can be displaced dorsal or volar
barton's fracture
78
fracture of the radial styloid
chauffer's fracture
79
identify and describe
colles' fracture transverse fracture of distal radius, dorsally displaced and extra-articular
80
identify and describe
smith's fracture transverse fracture of the distal radius, volarly displaced and (should be) extra-articular but is intra-articular
81
a patient presents with a dinner fork deformity. what is it?
colles' fracture
82
identify and describe
chauffer's fracture fracture of the radial styloid
83
what is the most common carpal bone fracture?
scaphoid bone fracture
84
a patient presents with pain in the anatomical snuff box. Dx?
scaphoid bone fracture
85
why is a scaphoid bone fracture important to notice? (3)
blood supply high incidence of avascular necrosis high incidence of nonunion
86
what should we do for management since a scaphoid bone fracture is commonly an occult fracture? (2)
thumb spica splint re-xray in 2 weeks
87
what location of the scaphoid bone has a high risk for nonunion if fractured?
proximal fracture of scaphoid bone
88
identify
middle scaphoid fracture
89
what is the non-op management for a scaphoid fracture? (3)
long arm **thumb spica cast** x 6 weeks short arm **thumb spica cast** x 6 weeks removable **thumb spica splint** x 4-6 weeks
90
how long is the healing time for a scaphoid fracture?
18 weeks + rehab
91
what is the surgical treatment for a scaphoid fracture?
screw placement return to work sooner still high rate of AVN and nonunion
92
what does AVN or nonunion of a scaphoid fracture increase the risk for? (2)
wrist arthritis unstable wrist joint
93
identify
displaced scaphoid fracture

Ortho-Rheum (27 decks)

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