Avian Bio Test 2 Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
Families that pheasants, guineas, ducks, and pigeons belong to.
A
Phasianidae (pheasants)
Numdidae (guineas)
Anatidae (ducks)
Columbidae (pigeons)
2
Q
How many eggs will a guinea produce?
A
French Galor can produce 170 eggs in 36 week laying period
Produce up to 200 eggs in laying span
3
Q
How many cervical vertebrae in a chicken?
A
13 bones out of 39 in the whole spinal column
4
Q
What is the synsacrum?
A
Skeletal structure of birds, the sacrum is extended
Fused lumbar, sacral, and caudel vertebrae 2nd
5
Q
What is the atlas?
A
The first ring shaped, cervical bone
6
Q
What is the notarium?
A
fused vertebra of the shoulder in birds
7
Q
What is the pygostyle?
A
fused caudal vertebrae 3rd
8
Q
What is the choana?
A
slit in the roof of the mouth that connects the sinuses to the trachea
9
Q
What is the Cloaca?
A
the distention of the large intestine, end of the gastrointestinal tract
10
Q
What is the proventriculus?
A
Crop – Food Storage
11
Q
What is the ventriculus?
A
gizzard
12
Q
What is the koilin
A
tough layer that lines the gizzard
13
Q
What is the meckels diverticulum?
A
leftover yolk gland on small intestine
14
Q
What is the ingluvia?
A
crop
15
Q
What is the pterylae?
A
feathered areas on the skin
16
Q
What is molting?
A
feathers are shed, allows the oviduct to heal
17
Q
What is uropygial gland?
A
at the base of the tail, releases preen oil
18
Q
What is the thrombocyte?
A
platelets for blood clotting
19
Q
What is the syrinx?
A
voice box, flattened area of the trachea
20
Q
What are air sacs?
A
attached to the lungs, assist in respiration
21
Q
What is the ureter?
A
tube which connects the kidneys
22
Q
What is the oviduct?
A
tubular organ which produces an egg
23
Q
What are the 5 regions of the oviduct?
A
infundibulum magnum isthmus vagina Shell gland
24
Q
How many chambers are there in the avian heart?
A
L/R atrium, L/R ventricle
4 chambers
25
How many air sacs in a chicken?
9
| That work to move air in and out of the lungs
26
Superficial veins in a chicken..?
Veins close to the surface of the skin
| Jugular, Brachial, & Ischiadic
27
ZZ vs ZW as to chromosomes in avians
Hen (female) - ZW
| Determines the sex of the chick
28
What are the public bones not fused in a bird?
allow the egg to pass through the public bones
29
About how many muscles are in a bird?
175
30
What are the types of muscles in a bird?
sternal, bursa, bone, cardiac, smooth, skeletal
31
What is the function of the beak in a bird?
bust out of the egg, eat, and defend itself
| Function as lips and teeth
32
Do birds have a diaphragm?
No, they use the air sacs to move air through the lungs
33
What are some comb styles?
Buttercup, Single, Rose, Pea, Walnut, Strawberry, Cushion, Carnation, V
34
What is something unique about the skin and bones of birds?
Very light to support flight
35
What is the approximate heart rate of a chicken?
250-300 bpm
36
How many ovaries does a chicken have?
usually one
| Very rarely it may have 2 oviducts with 1 ovary each
37
What color are the eyes of a chicken?
bright yellow, orange
38
What is the liver like in the chicken?
Largest organ in the chicken
| Chicks will have a yellow liver from yolk absorption
39
What are the sections of the small intestine?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ilium
40
What is the incubation period for ducks?
```
28 days (Pekins)
35 days (Muscovys)
```
41
What is the incubation period for pigeons?
16-18 days
42
What is the incubation period for guineas?
26-28 days
43
What is the incubation period for quail?
18 days days
44
What is the incubation period for coturnix quail?
16-17 days
45
What is the incubation period for pheasant?
23-28 days
46
Who is the leading producer of guinea fowl in Europe and in the world?
France is 1st with 45K tons per year
| China
47
What is a French Galor?
Guinea fowl
| breed great for egg laying
48
What is a certified guinea?
Guineas which are certified not to have guinea worm disease
| Guinea raised in 82 days
49
What is a Label Rouge guinea?
highest grade of guinea meat
| Guinea raised in 94 days
50
What is organic guinea?
Guinea raised in 98 days
51
Market ages for guineas?
12 weeks
52
Market ages for Pigeons?
4 weeks
53
Market ages for ducks?
Pekin - 6 weeks, Muscovy - 12 weeks
54
What do most people in the USA use guinea fowl for?
Insect control
| "watch dogs" to let them know when someone is intruding
55
Where is the most US duck production?
```
Maple Leaf Farms (Indiana)
Culver Farms (Indiana)
```
56
Where is the most US pigeon production?
...
57
What are two breeds of pigeons and ducks used in commercial production?
Ducks - Muscovy & Pekin
| Pigeons - Kind
58
How many eggs do commercial guinea fowl produce?
170 in 36 weeks
59
How many eggs do commercial ducks produce?
240-300+ per year
60
How many eggs do commercial pigeons produce?
12-16 Squab per year
61
How are commercial guinea fowl raised?
...
62
How are commercial ducks raised?
Use wire floors
Fed pellets and crumbles
Confined or semi-confined
63
How are commercial pigeons raised?
Raised by their parents in aviaries
64
How are commercial chickens raised?
...
65
Which company is the US leader in duck production?
Maple Leaf Farms (Indiana)
| 30 million ducks a year
66
Which company is the US leader in squabs?
Palmetto Farms
67
What is the feed conversion for guineas compared to chickens?
3.3-3.6
68
What is crop milk?
For pigeons
| Secretion from the lining of the crop given to the babies by the parents
69
How many pigeons will a pair of pigeons produce commercially?
...
70
What is a pato duck?
Muscovy
71
Where is the Cornell Duck Research lab?
Long Island, NY
72
What company is the 2nd largest producer of ducks in the USA?
Culver Farms
73
What are Khaki Campbell and Runner ducks used for?
Khaki Campbell - great egg production
| Runner ducks - egg production
74
What is foie gras?
fattened liver of a duck. It's a delicacy, made by forcing food down the throat of the bird
75
Which state is the leading producer of duck eggs for the table?
California
76
What is a bault?
Duck egg harvested after 18 days of embryonic development
77
What are the space requirements for commercial ducks?
3 feet for layers
78
Keet
young guinea fowl
79
Drake
male duck
80
Squab
young domestic pigeon
81
Bault
duck egg harvested after 18 days of embryonic development
82
Pekin
most popular white meat duck
83
White English, Embden, Grey Toulouse
meat geese
84
In conducting a field evaluation necropsy what three types of birds are necropsied and why?
1. Dead - previously sick bird
2. Live sick bird - then killed after taken
3. Live okay bird - then killed after taken
85
What is necropsy?
Taking a dead bird (within 8 hours of its death) and finding the cause of its death.
Chickens internal and external organs
86
What are the two most important points of restraining avian species?
Handler safety
| Bird safety
87
Why is it important to necropsy fresh dead birds?
Decomposition may set in and alter the bird
88
List 2 dangers to the bird during restraint. List 2 dangers to the handler when restraining a bird.
Bird: suffocation & broken wings
Handlers: pecked & scratched
89
Describe wet posting vs dry posting methods for conduction a necropsy.
Wet: where you wet bird down before necropsy (cleaner because feather don't stick as much)
Dry: do not wet bird down
90
When restraining a turkey they can be grasped by the legs and rested on their ___.
Breast
91
Tissues for histopathological examination are collected and placed in ___ for further examination microscopically.
Formalin
92
Other than physically restraining a bird; what are two methods of restraint that were covered in class?
1. Putting them to sleep by medicine
| 2. Hypnosis
93
What organ of the digestive system functions to grind food?
Gizzard
94
What are some basic needs of a bird that good housing should provide?
1. Good litter quality
2. Well structured building
3. Good ventilation systems
4. Appropriate feed and watering systems
5. Right size to accommodate # of birds
95
What are the two materials US poultry houses are constructed from.
What is usually the determining factor to decide which to use?
Steel and Wood
Steel - cheaper, longevity, quickly built, open ceiling, not good for tunnel ventilation
Wood - Ranges in prices, food for tunnel ventilation, good for insulation
96
What are two functions of insulating a poultry house?
| Where is insulation usually added?
1. Conserve heat during winter
2. Prevent radiant heat during summer
Most often under the roof
97
What does the R-Value of insulation mean?
Ability of insulation to prevent heat transfer
| Thermal resistance
98
Why is it important to provide a moisture or vapor barrier along with insulation?
Prevent insulation from getting wet
99
What are the two types of feeder or feeding systems? Describe the pros and cons of each.
Conveyor belt & pan -- good at having little injury risk to birds, quicker at filling pens, less feed waste
Chain and trough -- can injure birds from eq., slow to fill, waste more food
100
Why is it important to measure feed consumption of chickens on a daily basis?
Make sure birds are eating right
101
What are the two most common types of watering equipment?
| Describe pros and cons of each
Open -- hard to keep clean, easier to find for chicks, easier to adjust for birds
Closed -- easy to clean, harder to use for chicks, adjust to size of bird
102
What are a couple of disadvantages of an open watering system?
They get dirty easy
| They can be spilled easier (wet litter)
103
What are some possible causative factors for an accumulation of moisture in the litter of a chicken house?
```
Bad ventilation
spilled water from birds
too cold
chickens drank too much causing wet litter
leak
```
104
What are two types of poultry litter of bedding used in commercial houses?
Rice hulls
| Wood shavings
105
What are the primary functions of the litter we add to houses?
```
Soft but compressible
Light weight
Medium in size
Able to dry easy
Easy to clean
Good for warmth
```
106
Who is the creator of the White King Pigeons?
Harry Baker
| 1890
107
How many eggs will a wild guinea lay?
60
108
How many eggs will a domestic guinea lay?
170 in 36 weeks
109
What is All in/All out?
Keeping all the birds in a facility at the same age, bringing them all in at one time from once source and removing them all at one time.
110
What is an autopsy?
Necropsy for humans
