Aviation and Nautical Info Flashcards
(179 cards)
0
Q
Gallon of oil equals how many lbs?
A
7.5 lbs
1
Q
How many feet in a nautical mile?
A
6076ft
2
Q
Gallon of water equals how many lbs?
A
8.35 lbs
3
Q
Gallon of gas equals how many lbs?
A
6.0 lbs
4
Q
RRRNEI
A
Red, right, returning, nun, even, increasing.
5
Q
Waterline to deck is called:
A
Freeboard.
6
Q
Fore-half of deck:
A
Forecastle.
7
Q
Aft-half of deck:
A
Fantail.
8
Q
Lights on port side:
A
Red.
9
Q
Lights on starboard side:
A
Green.
10
Q
Swept wings:
A
Reduced drag at high speeds.
11
Q
Extended wings:
A
1) increased lift at low speeds; 2) decreased ground speed during landing.
12
Q
Vertical axis:
A
Yawing.
13
Q
Wet-bulb depression and fog:
A
When wet-bulb depression is less than 4 degrees, fog is likely.
14
Q
Courseline
A
Line in which ship is heading.
15
Q
Front of boat:
A
Bow.
16
Q
Backside of boat:
A
Stern.
17
Q
Nautical mile vs statute mile:
A
8 NM = 7 statute miles
18
Q
Lubber’s line:
A
The bow line.
19
Q
Longitudinal axis:
A
Banking.
20
Q
In front of:
A
Fore.
21
Q
Lateral axis:
A
Pitching.
22
Q
Waterline to deck:
A
Freeboard.
23
Q
Behind:
A
Aft.
24
When is a plane most likely to stall?
1) high angle of attack; 2) when banking hard.
25
Father of Navy
John Paul Jones.
26
Camber
Curvature at the top of airfoil.
27
Angle of attack
The angle formed by the chord line and the oncoming air.
28
Dead reckoning
Navigation only by compass.
29
Aspect ratio
Ratio of **wingspan** vs. **average wing width**
30
Aspect ratio formula
Aspect ratio = **(wingspan)2** / **surface area** = **b² / s**
**b** = wing span
**s** = surface area of wing
31
High aspect ratio
Long & skinny wings
32
Low aspect ratio
Shot & stubby wings
33
Wingload
Ratio of **wing surface area** vs. **aircraft weight**
34
Trim tabs
Small control surfaces on larger control surfaces. They permit the pilot to balance control forces in steady flight, thereby relieving pressure on aircraft control and on the pilot.
35
Compass deviation
The error of a magnetic compass due to **local magnetism**.
36
Variation (in navigation)
The difference between **true bearing** and **magnetic bearing**.
37
RIO
Radar Intercept Officer.
E.g. Goose in Top Gun.
38
Perigree
When the moon or a satellite is closest to Earth.
39
Apogee
When the moon or a satellite is farthest from Earth.
40
N at the end of \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_, and ____ means nuclear powered.
N at the end of **CV**, **SS**, and **CG** means nuclear powered.
41
CG
Guided missile cruiser.
42
CA
Gun cruiser.
43
CV
Aircraft carrier.
44
L
Amphibious/landing craft carriers.
E.g. USS Ogden.
45
BB
Battleship.
46
S
Submarine.
47
A
Combat logistics.
48
M
Mine warfare.
49
First conflict to see wide use of helos?
Korean War (1950-1953).
50
Yawl
Double-mast sailing vessel where the mizzen (rear-mast) is aft (behind) of the rudder.
51
Sloop
A single-mast sailing vessel.
52
Spring tide
--At, or soon after, new/full moons. --High tides are very high, low tides are very low.
53
Neap tide
--Between spring tides, i.e. between new/full moons. --Smaller variance between low and high tides.
54
Ebb tide
When the tide falls after high tide.
55
Chronology of the first three US space programs
(1) **Mercury**, then
(2) **Gemini**, then
(3) **Apollo**.
56
First American in space
Alan Shepard
57
John Glenn, branch and birthday
USMC
1921 - present
58
John Glenn, number of combat missions and wars partaken in
149
WWII and Korean War
59
John Glenn, number of Distinguished Flying Crosses
5 Distinguished Flying Crosses
60
John Glenn was the first to ____________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
--1st American to orbit Earth
--1st for fly supersonic across the US
61
In which capsule did John Glenn orbit Earth?
Capsule = **Friendship 7**
Project = **Mercury**
Launch vehicle: **Atlas (LV-3B)**
62
First man in Space, and year
Yuri Gagarin
1961
63
Apollo 11, date and crew
1969
Neil Armstrong Edwin Aldrin Jr. Michael Collins
64
First American spacecraft to explore the outer solar system
Pioneer 10
65
First American to walk in space?
Ed White
66
Why dump fuel during emergency landing?
To reduce landing weight, thereby increasing maneuverability
67
A warm front causes
A steady, prolonged period of rain
68
Company-grade officers
Ensigns, LTs and CPTs
69
Flag officers
Commodores and admirals
70
USS Bonhomme Richard
--Loaned by French businessman to J.P. Jones in 1765
--Used by J.P. Jones to score first win for Continental Navy over British Navy.
71
Latitude measured from:
Equator.
72
Longitude measured from:
Prime Meridian, i.e. GMT and UTC and 0° (due north)
73
Time zones are divided by how many degrees of longitude?
15° (24 times zones) x (15°) = 360°
74
Transponder setting for hijacking
7500
75
Transponder setting for loss of communication
7600
76
Transponder setting for emergency
7700
77
Transponder setting for military flight or interceptor
7777
78
7500
Transponder setting for hijacking
79
7600
Transponder setting for loss of communication
80
7700
Transponder setting for emergency
81
7777
Transponder setting for military flight or interceptor
82
Hypoxia
--Too little oxygen in blood --Result: blackout
83
MSL
Mean Sea Level, i.e. the average height of the ocean's surface
84
AGL
Above Ground Level
85
Class B airspace
Class B airspace extends from the surface to generally 10,000 feet (3,000 m) feet MSL. Around major airports.
86
Class C airspace
Class C airspace is used around airports with a moderate traffic level.
87
Class D airspace
Class D is used for smaller airports that have a control tower.
88
Class E airspace
Airspace at any altitude over 60,000 ft MSL
89
Class G airspace
--Class G (uncontrolled) airspace is mostly used for a small layer of airspace near the ground
--Usually surface to 1,200 ft AGL
90
For any helicopter, the higher the altitude, the _______ the rate of climb.
For any helicopter, the higher the density altitude, the **lower** the rate of climb.
91
How does lift vary with the density of air?
As air density increases, lift and drag increase.
92
Beaufort scale
Estimates wind speed.
93
Fathometer
Electronic device used in making deep-sea soundings.
94
Sextant
Used in celestial navigation to measure angles.
95
1 meter, in feet
1 meter = 3.28084 feet
96
1 mile, in kilometers
1 mile = 1.60934 kilometers
97
Capstan
Used for hoisting weight by spooling a cable. E.g. bucket over a well.
98
4 methods of determining position
1) Piloting 2) Dead reckoning 3) Celestial navigation 4) Electronic navigation
99
Pier
Right angle to shore.
100
Wharf
Parallel to shore.
101
Slip
Space between piers.
102
Parasitic drag
Caused by the aircraft's changes in movement
103
Form drag
--Caused by the shape of the object. --Sleek, streamlined objects have lower form drag.
104
Interference drag
Results when airflow around one part of an object (e.g. fuselage) must occupy the same space as the airflow around another part (e.g wing).
105
Skin friction
Caused by the texture of an airplane's surface.
106
Induced drag
Results from the need to maintain lift "Drag due to lift."
107
Ground effect drag
Occurs close to the ground, when the ground restricts the downward deflection of the airstream. Decreased induced drag and lift.
108
Total drag
Total drag = (parasitic drag) + (induced drag)
109
Continental Navy founded:
13 Oct 1775
110
US Navy founded in
1798
111
Ader Eole
--The first true aeroplane. --Looked like a bat. --Steam-powered --Developed by Clement Ader (FRA) in 1890
112
LZ-1
--1st zeppelin --2 July 1900 was first flight --Up for 18 minutes
113
LZ-127
--First zeppelin to circumnavigate the globe.
--1929
114
Wright Flyer
--1st successful powered and piloted plane --17 Dec 1903 --12 seconds --120 ft
115
FW-61
--First rotorcraft --1936 --Max speed: 66 knots --Range: 124 nautical miles
116
Knots into MPH
1 knot = 1.15 MPH
117
First non-stop trans-Atlantic flight
--Plane: Vickers Vimmy IV --14 June 1919 --Pilots: Alcock & Brown
118
First solo trans-Atlantic flight
--Charles Lindbergh Jr. --20-21 May 1927
119
First jet in combat ops
Messerschmit ME-262
120
First man to break sound barrier, the year, and the airplane:
--Chuck Yeager --1947 --Bell X-1 rocketplane
121
First take-off from ship
--Eugene Ely --1910 --USS Birmingham
122
First landing on ship
--Eugene Ely --1911 --USS Pennsylvania
123
Pearl Harbor
7 Dec 1941
124
D-Day
6 June 1944
125
Hiroshima
6 Aug 1945
126
Nagasaki
9 Aug 1945
127
Cambered airfoil at a zero angle of attack
Can still generate lift.
128
The trailing edge
The trailing edge is defined similarly as the point of maximum curvature at the rear of the airfoil.
129
The leading edge
The leading edge is the point at the front of the airfoil that has maximum curvature.
130
The chord line
The chord line is the straight line connecting leading and trailing edges.
131
The chord length
The chord length, or simply chord, c, is the length of the chord line.
132
The suction surface
The suction surface (a.k.a. upper surface) is generally associated with higher velocity and lower static pressure.
133
The pressure surface
The pressure surface (a.k.a. lower surface) has a comparatively higher static pressure than the suction surface.
134
MSL pressure:
29.92 inHg
135
inHG means
Inches of mercury
136
MSL temp
--15° C
--59° F
--288.15 K
137
Why does a plane need more runway to take off at high altitude?
1) Engine output is reduced because there is less oxygen in combustions 2) air is thinner, causing less force on airfoils (propeller & wings)
138
If you fly from high pressure to low pressure w/o resetting the altimeter, indicated air pressure will read ________ than true altitude.
If you fly from high pressure to low pressure w/o resetting the altimeter, indicated air pressure will read HIGHER than true altitude.
139
True altitude
Actual altitude above MSL
140
Absolute altitude
Actual altitude AGL
141
At high altitude, actual air speed is ________ than indicated airspeed.
At high altitude, actual air speed is **faster** than indicated airspeed.
142
Best lift:
1) At **low** altitude
2) In **dry** air
3) In **cold** air
143
Airfoil and lift
144
Parts of an airfoil
145
Fuselage and canard?
B and A
146
Flaps and ailerons?
F and E
147
Winglets
J
148
Vertical stabilizer?
G
149
Ailerons?
E
150
Flaps
F
151
Canard
A
152
Horizontal stabilizer
I
153
Elevator
H
154
Rudder?
K
155
Trim tab
L
156
Which of the control surfaces below is the primary surface for turning an airplane?
E, the ailerons
157
Which of the below control surfaces in the primary control for altitude?
H, the elevator
158
The primary purpose of control surface J is to:
decrease drag
159
The wings of this airplane are angled upward. What is this called and what's its purpose?
Dihedral.
To improve stability.
160
Bow
A
161
Gunwale
G
162
Thwart
H
163
Transom
F
164
Stem
E
165
Nickname for A-6?
Intruder.
166
If a plane is in straight and level accelerated flight, its propulsion is _________ than drag.
**greater**
167
Nickname for the EA-6B?
Prowler
168
If wing area is doubled...
lift and drag are doubled
169
Humid air is _____ than dry air
lighter
170
Total number of Apollo missions
17
171
Aileron roll
172
Sustained turn
173
Loop
174
Barrel roll
175
Immelman
176
Split S
177
High yo-yo
178
Low yo-yo
