AWS: Compute

Question 1

With ________ you launch virtual server instances on the AWS Cloud.

Answer 1

Amazon EC2

Question 2

Key pairs are used to securely connect to EC2 instances. What do key pairs consist of?

Answer 2

a public key that AWS stores, and a private key that you store

Question 3

________ is data that is supplied by the user at instance launch in the form of a script.

Answer 3

User data

Question 4

_________ is data about your instance that you can use to configure or manage the running instance.

Answer 4

Instance metadata

Question 5

True or False: User data and metadata are not encrypted.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Instance metadata and Instance user data are available at …?

Answer 6

Instance metadata: http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/

Instance user data: http://169.254.169.254/latest/user-data

Question 7

The ____________ tool allows you to query the instance metadata without having to type out the full URI or category names.

Answer 7

Instance Metadata Query

Question 8

_________ instances are ideal for short term needs or unpredictable workloads. They are charged by the hour or second, and there is no commitment.

Answer 8

On Demand

Question 9

________ are available at up to 90% discount compared to In Demand prices. These instances are ideal for cost-sensitive, compute intensive use cases that can withstand interruption.

Answer 9

Spot Instances

Question 10

________ instances offer significant discounts over On Demand pricing, but there is a commitment of 1 or 3 years. These instances are ideal for steady-state workloads and predictable usage.

Answer 10

Reserved

Question 11

________ are dedicated just for your use. It is the most expensive option, and can only run one EC2 instance size and type.

Answer 11

Dedicated Hosts

Question 12

________ are virtualized instances on hardware just for you. Uses physically dedicated EC2 servers.

Answer 12

Dedicated Instances

Question 13

A1, T3, T3a, T2, M5, M5a, M4 instance sizes belong to the ________ instance type. _______ instances provide a balance of compute, memory, and networking resources, and can be used for a variety of diverse workloads.

Answer 13

General Purpose

Question 14

C5, C5n, C4 instance sizes belong to the ________ instance type. These instances are ideal for compute bound applications that benefit from high performance processors.

Answer 14

Compute Optimized

Question 15

R5, R5a, R4, X1e, X1, High Memory, z1d instance sizes belong to the __________ instance type. These instances are designed to deliver fast performance for workloads that process large data sets in memory.

Answer 15

Memory Optimized

Question 16

P3, P2, G4, G3, F1 instance sizes belong to the _________ instance type. These instances use hardware accelerators to perform functions like floating-point number calculations, graphics processing, or data pattern matching.

Answer 16

Accelerated Computing

Question 17

I3, I3en, D2, H1 instance sizes belong to the _______ instance type. These instances provide NVMe SSD-backed instance storage optimized for low latency, very high random I/O performance, high sequential read throughput, and provide high IOPS at a low cost.

Answer 17

Storage Optimized

Question 18

An ______ provides the information required to launch an instance. You can only launch an ____ from the region it was stored.

Answer 18

AMI

Question 19

Volumes attached to an AMI launched instance are either ____ or ________.

Answer 19

EBS

Instance Store

Question 20

________ provides persistent storage. Snapshots which reside on Amazon S3 are used to create the volume.

Answer 20

Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS)

Question 21

_______ volumes are non-persistent. This means that data is lost if the instance is shut down. A template stored on Amazon S3 is used to create the volume.

Answer 21

Instance Store

Question 22

There are three types of IP addressed that can be assigned to an EC2 instance:

Answer 22

Public: lost when instance is stopped
Private: retained when instance is stopped
Elastic IP: retained when instance is stopped

Question 23

_______ are more secure than storing access keys and secret access keys on EC2 instances. They are easier to manage, and you can attach an ______ to an instance at launch time or by using the AWS CLI, SDK, or EC2 console.

Answer 23

IAM roles

Question 24

True or False: EC2 status checks are performed every minute and each returns a pass or a fail status.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

If all checks pass from an EC2 status check, the overall status is ____. If one or more checks fail, the status is _______.

Answer 25

OK | impaired

Question 26

______________ detect problems with your instance that require AWS involvement to repair.

Answer 26

System status checks

Question 27

__________ detect problems that require your involvement to repair.

Answer 27

Instance status checks

Question 28

You can create _________ alarms that monitor EC2 instances and automatically perform an action if the status check fails.

Answer 28

CloudWatch

Question 29

A ____ is a label that you assign to an AWS resource, and is used to manage AWS assets.

Answer 29

Tag

Question 30

____________ is a highly scalable, high-performance container management service that supports Docker containers and allows you to easily run applications on a managed cluster of EC2 instances.

Answer 30

Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS)

Question 31

Using __________ you can launch and stop container-enabled applications, query the complete state of clusters, and access many familiar features like security groups, Elastic Load Balancing, EBS volumes, and IAM roles.

Answer 31

API calls

Question 32

It is possible to use _________ to handle the provisioning of an ECS cluster, balancing load, auto-scaling, monitoring, and placing your containers across your cluster.

Answer 32

Elastic Beanstalk

Question 33

An Amazon ECS launch type determines the type of infrastructure on which your tasks and services are hosted. There are two launch types:

Answer 33

Fargate | EC2

Question 34

The _______ ECS launch type allows you to run containerized applications without the need to provision and manage backend infrastructure.

Answer 34

Fargate

Question 35

The _____ ECS launch type allows you to run your containerized applicaitons on a cluster of EC2 instances that you manage.

Answer 35

EC2

Question 36

_______ are a logical grouping of container instances that you can place tasks on. A default is created, but you can then create multiple to separate resources.

Answer 36

ECS Clusters

Question 37

True or False: Clusters are region-specific.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

______ are created from a read-only template called an image which as the instructions for creating a Docker container.

Answer 38

Containers

Question 39

______ are built from a Dockerfile. They are stored in a registry such as DockerHub or AWS Elastic Container Registry (ECR).

Answer 39

Images

Question 40

True or False: Docker containers are not supported on ECS.

Answer 40

False. Only Docker containers are supported on ECS.

Question 41

______ is a managed AWS Docker registry service that is secure, scalable, and reliable. It supports private Docker repositories with resource-based permissions using AWS IAM in order to access repositories and images.

Answer 41

ECR

Question 42

We can use the ______ to push, pull, and manage images.

Answer 42

Docker CLI

Question 43

A ________ is a text file in JSON format that describes one or more containers, and uses Docker images to launch containers.

Answer 43

Task Definition

Question 44

True or False: A task definition is required to run Docker containers in Amazon ECS.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

A ___________ is an algorithm for selecting instances for task placement or tasks for termination. They can be specified when either running a task or creating a new service.

Answer 45

task placement strategy

Question 46

Amazon ECS supports which task placement strategies?

Answer 46

binpack: place tasks based on the least available amount of CPU/memory random: place tasks randomly spread: place tasks evenly based on the specified value

Question 47

__________ are expressions that enable you to group objects.

Answer 47

Cluster queries

Question 48

Amazon ECS service can optionally be configured to use ___________ to adjust the desired task count up or down automatically.

Answer 48

Service Auto Scaling

Question 49

_____________ is a fully-managed Docker container registry that makes it easy for developers to store, manage, and deploy Docker container images.

Answer 49

Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR)

Question 50

___________ automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple targets, such as Amazon EC2 instances, containers, and IP addresses.

Answer 50

Elastic Load Balancing

Question 51

There are three types of Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) on AWS:

Answer 51

Classic Load Balancer (CLB) – this is the oldest of the three and provides basic load balancing at both layer 4 and layer 7 (TCP/SSL/HTTP/HTTPS). Application Load Balancer (ALB) – layer 7 (HTTP/HTTPS) load balancer that routes connections based on the content of the request. Network Load Balancer (NLB) – layer 4 (TCP) load balancer that routes connections based on IP protocol data.

Question 52

___________ control the ports and protocols that can reach the front end listener.

Answer 52

Security groups

Question 53

__________ monitors your applications and automatically adjusts capacity to maintain steady, predictable performance at the lowest possible cost.

Answer 53

AWS Auto Scaling

Question 54

The services within the AWS Auto Scaling family include:

Answer 54

Amazon EC2 (known as Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling) Amazon ECS Amazon DynamoDB Amazon Aurora

Question 55

True or False: Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling helps you ensure that you have the correct number of Amazon EC2 instances available to handle the load for your application.

Answer 55

True

Question 56

Auto Scaling provides ______ scaling for your instances.

Answer 56

horizontal scaling (scale-out)

Question 57

__________ is a serverless compute service that runs your code in response to events and automatically manages the underlying compute resources for you.

Answer 57

AWS Lambda

Question 58

You can use ________ to extend other AWS services with custom logic, or create your own back-end services that operate at AWS scale, performance, and security.

Answer 58

AWS Lambda

Question 59

AWS Lambda can automatically run code in response to multiple events, such as ...

Answer 59

HTTP requests via Amazon API Gateway modifications to objects in Amazon S3 buckets table updates in Amazon DynamoDB and state transitions in AWS Step Functions

Question 60

With AWS Lambda, you are charged based on ...

Answer 60

the number of requests for your functions and the time it takes for your code to execute.